習

See also: 习

Translingual

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 羽 + 日 – to learn to fly, to practice flying.

In current form, 日 (sun) has changed to 白 (white), so present form is 羽 + 白.

Han character

習 (radical 124 羽+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 尸一竹日 (SMHA), four-corner 1760₂, composition ⿱羽白)

References

• KangXi: page 956, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28672
• Dae Jaweon: page 1402, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3345, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7FD2

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Chinese

		-
trad.		習
simp.		习

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xí (xi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zap⁶, zaap⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): si̍p
• Min Nan (POJ): chia̍p
• Wu (WT Romanisation): ziq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xí
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hsih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁵/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zap⁶, zaap⁶
    • Yale: jahp, jaahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzap⁹, dzaap⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐp̚²/, /t͡sɑːp̚²/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si̍p
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /ɕip̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: tsia̍p
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiap̚¹²¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: ziq (T5)
    • IPA ^(key): /z̻i̯ɪʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (習, reconstructed)
Character (習), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 邪 (17) Final: 緝 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 似入切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ziɪp̚/	/zi̯əp̚/	/ziəp̚/	/zip̚/	/zip̚/	/zĭĕp̚/	/zjep̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (習, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
習								xí								‹ zip ›								/*s-ɢʷəp (with root *ɢʷəp/								repeat; practice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
習					13387					習					緝					3					習					/*ljub/

Definitions

習

1. to practice; to study

   練習 / 练习  ―  liànxí  ―  to practice

   學習 / 学习  ―  xuéxí  ―  to study

2. habit, custom

   習慣 / 习惯  ―  xíguàn  ―  habit, custom

3. flapping wings
4. A surname​.

   習近平 / 习近平  ―  Xí Jìnpíng  ―  Xi Jinping

Compounds

Derived terms

• 習性／习性

• 習慣／习惯

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Japanese

Kanji

習

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: じゅう (jū)
• Kan’on: しゅう (shū)
• Kun: ならう (習う narau), ならい (narai)

Compounds

• 練習 (れんしゅう, renshū)

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Korean

Hanja

習 (seup) (hangeul 습, McCune-Reischauer sŭp, Yale sup)

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Vietnamese

Han character

習 (tập, chập, dập, giặp, tấp, xập, sập)

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