而

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

Pictogram (象形) – beard.

而 (radical 126 而+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月中中 (MBLL), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱⿱一丿⿵冂⿰丨丨)

References

• KangXi: page 961, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28871
• Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2810, character 1
• Unihan data for U+800C

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		而

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ér (er²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄦˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): yì
• Min Nan (POJ): jî
• Wu (WT Romanisation): er (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: ér
    • Zhuyin: ㄦˊ
    • Wade-Giles: êrh²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: elr
    • IPA ^(key): /ˀɤɻ³⁵/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁴
    • Yale: yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /ji¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî
    • Tâi-lô: jî
    • IPA (Taipei): /d͡ʑi²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: er (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /əɻ²³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (而, reconstructed)
Character (而), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 日 (38) Final: 之 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 如之切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ȵɨ/	/ȵʑi/	/ȵiə/	/ȵɨ/	/ȵɨ/	/ȵʑĭə/	/ȵʑie/

Old Chinese pronunciation (而, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
而								ér								‹ nyi ›								/*nə/								and, but
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
而					2720					而					之					0					而					/*njɯ/

Conjunction

而

1. (Beginning Mandarin) and

   偉大而艱巨的任務 / 伟大而艰巨的任务  ―  wěidà ér jiānjù de rènwù  ―  a great and arduous task

2. (Beginning Mandarin) and yet; but; nevertheless

   有其名而無其實 / 有其名而无其实  ―  yǒu qí míng ér wú qíshí  ―  in name but not in reality

Compounds

• 而且
• 而家
• 而後, 而后
• 而已
• 而今

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Japanese

Kanji

而

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

• Goon: に (ni)
• Kan’on: じ (ji)
• Kun: しこうして (shikōshite), しかして (shikashite), しかれども (shikaredomo)

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Korean

Hanja

而 (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune-Reischauer i, Yale i)

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Vietnamese

Han character

而 (nhi)

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