而已

Chinese

		and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)	already; to stop; then already; to stop; then; afterwards
simp. and trad. (而已)		而	已
anagram		已而

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): éryǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄦˊ ㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴ ji⁵

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lî-í / jî-í

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: éryǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄦˊ ㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: éryǐ
    • Wade–Giles: êrh²-i³
    • Yale: ér-yǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: erlyii
    • Palladius: эри (eri)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤɻ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁴ ji⁵
    • Yale: yìh yíh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴ ji⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴ yi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹ jiː¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî-í
    • Tâi-lô: lî-í
    • Phofsit Daibuun: li'ie
    • IPA (Taipei): /li²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /li²⁴⁻²² i⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /li²⁴⁻²² i⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-í
    • Tâi-lô: jî-í
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ji'ie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zi²³⁻³³ i⁴¹/
    • IPA (Yilan): /d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ i⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi¹³⁻²² i⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: nyi yiX|yiH

Rime
Character	而	已	已
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	如之切	羊己切	羊吏切
Baxter	nyi	yiX	yiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨ/	/jɨX/	/jɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵɨ/	/jɨX/	/jɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑie/	/ieX/	/ieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨ/	/jɨX/	/jɨH/
Li Rong	/ȵiə/	/iəX/	/iəH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭə/	/jĭəX/	/jĭəH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi/	/iX/	/iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ér	yǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4	ji5	ji6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nə  ɢ(r)əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯ  lɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	而	已
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ér	yǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ nyi ›	‹ yiX ›
Old Chinese	/*nə/	/*ɢ(r)əʔ/
English	and, but	cease; already
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	而	已
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2720	14924
Phonetic component	而	已
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	而	以
Old Chinese	/*njɯ/	/*lɯʔ/
Notes		巳轉註字

Adverb

而已

1. (usually at the end of a phrase) that's all; nothing more; is all

   混混日子而已  ―  hùnhùn rìzi éryǐ  ―  to just drift through life

   如此而已，豈有他哉！ [MSC, trad.]
   如此而已，岂有他哉！ [MSC, simp.]

   Rúcǐ éryǐ, qǐ yǒu tā zāi! [Pinyin]

   That's all there is to it!

   僅此而已。／仅此而已。  ―  Jǐn cǐ éryǐ.  ―  That is all.

Synonyms

• 云爾 (yún'ěr) (literary)
• 但定 (nā-tiāⁿ) (Min Nan)
• 定定 (Hakka)
• 爾爾／尔尔 (niā-niā) (Hokkien)
• 罷了／罢了

 

Derived terms

• 僅此而已／仅此而已

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
而	已
の Jinmeiyō	み Jinmeiyō

For pronunciation and definitions of 而已 – see the following entry.

【のみ】 [particle] only, limited to [adverb] alone [adverb] merely

(This term, 而已, is an alternative spelling (archaic) of the above term.)