腍

腍 U+814D, 腍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814D ← 腌 [U+814C] CJK Unified Ideographs 腎 → [U+814E]

Translingual

Han character

腍 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月人戈心 (BOIP), four-corner 7823₂, composition ⿰月念)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 986, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29619
• Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2089, character 13
• Unihan data for U+814D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (念) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
淰	*rnɯːmʔ, *nɯːmʔ, *hnjɯmʔ
唸	*tɯːms, *tɯːns
埝	*tɯːms, *nɯːb
趝	*klɯːms, *n̥ʰɯːms
諗	*hnjɯmʔ
稔	*njɯːm
棯	*njɯmʔ
腍	*njɯmʔ
捻	*nɯːb
錜	*nɯːb
敜	*nɯːb
惗	*nɯːb, *sens
菍	*nɯːb, *nɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh; meat”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms).

Etymology 1

trad.		腍
simp. #		腍

Possibly related to the similar-shaped *nVm word family for “soft” (Schuessler, 2007); see 荏 (OC *njɯmʔ, “soft; weak”). Also compare 稔 (OC *njɯːm, “ripe”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rěn (ren³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nam⁵, jam⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rěn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rěn
    • Wade–Giles: jên³
    • Yale: rěn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nam⁵, jam⁶
    • Yale: náhm, yahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nam⁵, jam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: nem⁵, yem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐm¹³/, /jɐm²²/

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• Middle Chinese: nyimX

Rime
Character	腍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如甚切
Baxter	nyimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵimX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵimX/
Li Rong	/ȵiəmX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腍
Reading #	1/1
No.	9498
Phonetic component	念
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	荏
Old Chinese	/*njɯmʔ/
Notes	見禮記

Definitions

腍

1. ^† Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “cooked”)
2. ^† delicious; tasty
3. ^† full (having eaten one's fill)

Etymology 2

trad.		腍
simp. #		腍
alternative forms		稔 煁 焾 淰 䭃／𩠈 稔 煁 焾 淰 䭃／𩠈 淋 Cantonese

Possibly borrowed from one or several substrate languages; cf. Zhuang naemz (“soft; pulpy; thoroughly cooked”), Thai นุ่ม (nûm, “soft”) (Lian, 2001). Perhaps related to etymology 1.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nam⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): nem³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): nèm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): nêm²

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nam⁴
    • Yale: nàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐm²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: nem³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdem²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nèm
    • Hakka Romanization System: nemˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nem²
    • Sinological IPA: /nem¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: nêm²
    • Sinological IPA: /nɛm¹¹/

Definitions

腍

1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Pinghua, Liuzhou Mandarin) soft; tender

   啲牛腩炆到好腍。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   di¹ ngau⁴ naam⁵ man¹ dou³ hou² nam⁴. [Jyutping]

   The beef brisket has been simmered until it is really tender.

2. (Cantonese) mushy; soggy; soft

   啲春卷腍嗮喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   di¹ ceon¹ gyun² nam⁴ saai³ laa³. [Jyutping]

   The spring rolls have become soggy.

3. (Cantonese, of a person) kind; good-natured
4. (Pinghua, of a person) physically weak

Compounds

• 腍佛
• 腍善
• 腍坺坺
• 腍柿
• 腍滋滋
• 腍鼻
• 軟腍腍／软腍腍

 

Etymology 3

trad.		腍
simp. #		腍

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
    • Wade–Giles: tien⁴
    • Yale: dyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
    • Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

Definitions

腍

1. ^† beautiful