臣

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese stroke order

Stroke order (cursive)

Etymology

		臣
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) - A vertical eye of a man looking downwards. As the individual character it is used as a metaphor meaning "to surrender", while the meaning relating to eyes appears when used as a radical, such as in 臨 (“to look down at”).

Han character

臣 (radical 131 臣+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸中尸中 (SLSL), four-corner 7171₇)

1. minister, statesman, official
2. a Chinese surname

References

• KangXi: page 999, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30068
• Dae Jaweon: page 1450, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2801, character 1
• Unihan data for U+81E3

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		臣

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chén (chen²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): chhîn
• Min Nan (POJ): sîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: chén
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'ên²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenr
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: san⁴
    • Yale: sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn
    • Tâi-lô: sîn
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕin²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (臣, reconstructed)
Character (臣), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 常 (25) Final: 眞 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 植鄰切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡ʑiɪn/	/ʑi̯ĕn/	/ʑiĕn/	/d͡ʑin/	/d͡ʑin/	/ʑĭĕn/	/d͡ʑjen/

Old Chinese pronunciation (臣, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
臣								chén								‹ dzyin ›								/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/								slave, subject
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
臣					1342					臣					眞					2					辰					/*ɡiŋ/					甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴，省戈表不刺者則爲臣，專指役使於家內者

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

臣

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: じん (jin)
• Kan’on: しん (shin)
• Kun: おみ (omi), けらい (kerai)

Etymology

Kanji in this term

臣

おみ Grade: 4

kun'yomi

/omi₁/ *[omi] → /omi/ [omi]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [omi]

Noun

臣 (hiragana おみ, romaji omi)

1. one who serves a lord; a vassal, subject

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Korean

Hanja

臣 (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune-Reischauer sin, Yale sin)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

臣 (thần, thườn)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.