芝
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 艺
Contents
Translingual[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 之 – a type of plant.
Han character[edit]
芝 (radical 140 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈弓人 (TINO), four-corner 44307, composition ⿱艹之)
- sesame
- a purplish or brown mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) used in traditional Asian medicine and believed to have miraculous powers
- 'a divine and felicitous plant' (Karlgren)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1019, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30699
- Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3176, character 5
- Unihan data for U+829D
Cantonese[edit]
Hanzi[edit]
芝 (Yale ji1)
- This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove
{{defn}}.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
芝
Readings[edit]
- Goon: し (shi) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: し (shi) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: しざま (shizama), しば (shiba)
- Nanori: こげ (koge), しは (shiha), しば (shiba), しはざき (shihazaki), しばさき (shibasaki), しばざき (shibazaki), しばたか (shibataka)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Japanese. One of the oldest attested words in the Japanese language, used in the Man'yōshū and Nihon Shoki.
This character usually means a type of fungus in Chinese. However, it was also used phonetically in 芝麻 (*chimæ, “sesame”) (modern Mandarin 芝麻 (zhīmá)), and it seems that the Japanese use of this character for the sense of grass may have come from this sesame sense in Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
しばつきの みうらさきなる ねつこぐさ あひみずあらば あれこひめやも
Shiba tsuki no / Miura saki naru / netsukogusa / aimizu araba / are koime ya mo
- The anemone flowers on grassy Miura Point; if we hadn't seen each other, I probably wouldn't be so in love
- short for 芝見 (shibami): hiding in the grass and spying on one's enemies or scouting out the situation; a spy in the grass
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
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Proper noun[edit]
- A surname.
Verb[edit]
芝 + する (hiragana しばする, romaji shiba suru)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "芝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 芝し | しばし | shiba shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 芝し | しばし | shiba shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 芝する | しばする | shiba suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 芝する | しばする | shiba suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 芝すれ | しばすれ | shiba sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 芝せよ¹ 芝しろ² |
しばせよ¹ しばしろ² |
shiba seyo¹ shiba shiro² |
|
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 芝される | しばされる | shiba sareru | |
| Causative | 芝させる 芝さす |
しばさせる しばさす |
shiba saseru shiba sasu |
|
| Potential | 芝できる | しばできる | shiba dekiru | |
| Volitional | 芝しよう | しばしよう | shiba shiyō | |
| Negative | 芝しない | しばしない | shiba shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 芝せず | しばせず | shiba sezu | |
| Formal | 芝します | しばします | shiba shimasu | |
| Perfective | 芝した | しばした | shiba shita | |
| Conjunctive | 芝して | しばして | shiba shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 芝すれば | しばすれば | shiba sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
||||
Etymology 2[edit]
Compound of し (shi, adjectival ending) + 様 (sama, “kind, type”).[3] The sama changes to zama due to rendaku (連濁). The kanji 芝 was used as an ateji, probably based on its on'yomi of shi.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
芝 (hiragana しざま, romaji shizama)
- (grammar, obsolete) “shi-type”, referring to the i adjective in Japanese grammar, specifically the ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “ku inflection”), corresponding to modern Japanese adjectives ending in -i but not -shii
- This is the nomenclature used in the grammar devised by 富士谷成章 (Fujitani Nariakira), a classical Japanese scholar and grammarian in the middle Edo period. Modern i adjectives still had the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) ending in -shi in the mid-Edo period, hence Fujitani's description of these as the “shi-type” of adjective.
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle Chinese 芝 (*chi). Compare modern Mandarin 芝 (zhī).
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
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Etymology 4[edit]
Used as ateji in various surnames.
Names
References[edit]
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem #3508); text here
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
芝 (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune-Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
- This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove
{{defn}}.
Mandarin[edit]
Hanzi[edit]
芝 (Pinyin zhī (zhi1), Wade-Giles chih1)
- This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove
{{defn}}.
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
芝 (chi)
- This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove
{{defn}}.
Categories:
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Han script characters
- Cantonese lemmas
- Cantonese Han characters
- Japanese Han characters
- Common kanji
- Japanese kanji read as し
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 芝
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese type 3 verbs
- Japanese compound words
- Rendaku
- ja:Grammar
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese affixes
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Mandarin lemmas
- Mandarin Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
