蛙
| ||||||||
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
蛙 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中戈土土 (LIGG), four-corner 54114, composition ⿰虫圭)
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1081, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1549, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2847, character 3
- Unihan data for U+86D9
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
蛙 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 鼃 ancient 䵷／𱌃 䖯 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 街 | *kreː, *kreː |
| 鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
| 娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
| 佳 | *kreː |
| 鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 啀 | *ŋreː |
| 厓 | *ŋreː |
| 捱 | *ŋreː |
| 睚 | *ŋreːs |
| 娃 | *qreː |
| 洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
| 哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
| 胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
| 溎 | *qeːns |
| 觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
| 黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
| 蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
| 蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
| 窪 | *qʷraː |
| 卦 | *kʷreːs |
| 挂 | *kʷreːs |
| 掛 | *kʷreːs |
| 詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
| 罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
| 絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
| 鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
| 圭 | *kʷeː |
| 珪 | *kʷeː |
| 邽 | *kʷeː |
| 閨 | *kʷeː |
| 袿 | *kʷeː |
| 窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
| 茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 桂 | *kʷeːs |
| 筀 | *kʷeːs |
| 奎 | *kʰʷeː |
| 刲 | *kʰʷeː |
| 蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
| 楏 | *kʰʷeː |
| 睳 | *qʰʷeː |
| 畦 | *ɡʷeː |
| 眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
| 烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
| 跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 恚 | *qʷes |
| 硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
Etymology 1[edit]
Onomatopoeic (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Also compare Proto-Tai *krweːᴬ (“small frog”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
蛙
- frog
- (swimming) Short for 蛙泳 (wāyǒng, “breaststroke”).
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 井底之蛙 (jǐngdǐzhīwā)
- 井底蛙
- 井底鳴蛙／井底鸣蛙
- 井蛙 (jǐngwā)
- 井蛙之見／井蛙之见
- 井蛙語海／井蛙语海
- 井蛙醯雞／井蛙醯鸡
- 仰蛙兒浮／仰蛙儿浮
- 兩部蛙／两部蛙
- 坎井之蛙
- 坐井蛙
- 坎蛙
- 埳井之蛙
- 埳蛙
- 官蛙
- 局蛙
- 怒蛙
- 晉惠聞蛙／晋惠闻蛙
- 樹蛙／树蛙 (shùwā)
- 沈灶生蛙
- 沈灶產蛙
- 沉灶產蛙／沉灶产蛙
- 淫蛙
- 牛蛙 (niúwā)
- 瞋蛙
- 管窺蛙見／管窥蛙见
- 紫色蛙聲／紫色蛙声
- 蛙井喜
- 蛙人 (wārén)
- 蛙人操
- 蛙吹
- 蛙吠
- 蛙坎
- 蛙市
- 蛙式 (wāshì)
- 蛙怒
- 蛙歌
- 蛙泳 (wāyǒng)
- 蛙渚
- 蛙神
- 蛙聲／蛙声
- 蛙蚓
- 蛙蛭
- 蛙蛤
- 蛙蝦／蛙虾
- 蛙蟈／蛙蝈
- 蛙蟆勝負／蛙蟆胜负
- 蛙蠙衣／蛙𧏖衣
- 蛙角
- 蛙讙／蛙欢
- 蛙鏡／蛙镜
- 蛙鬧／蛙闹
- 蛙鳴／蛙鸣
- 蛙鳴狗吠／蛙鸣狗吠
- 蛙鳴蚓叫／蛙鸣蚓叫
- 蛙鳴蟬噪／蛙鸣蝉噪
- 蛙鳴鴟叫／蛙鸣鸱叫
- 蛙黽／蛙黾
- 蛙鼓
- 蛙鼓蟲吟／蛙鼓虫吟
- 蝭蛙
- 蠅聲蛙噪／蝇声蛙噪
- 赤蛙
- 踞蛙食蛤
- 軾怒蛙／轼怒蛙
- 軾蛙／轼蛙
- 金線蛙／金线蛙
- 闡蛙／阐蛙
- 雨蛙
- 青蛙 (qīngwā)
- 青蛙肢
- 鬥蛙／斗蛙
- 鳴蛙／鸣蛙
- 鼓吹鳴蛙／鼓吹鸣蛙
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
蛙
- Only used in 蝭蛙.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: え (e)←ゑ (we, historical)
- Kan-on: わ (wa); わい (wai)
- Kan’yō-on: あ (a)
- Kun: かえる (kaeru, 蛙)←かへる (kaferu, 蛙, historical); かわず (kawazu, 蛙)←かはづ (kafadu, 蛙, historical)
- Nanori: かえる (kaeru)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| かえる Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 蝦 |
⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kaeru/
From Old Japanese.
The Nihon Kokugo Daijiten cites this to the Nihon Shoki of 720, however, that may only be traceable to supplemental glosses added later to the kanbun original.[1]
Spelled phonetically once in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, where it is used phonetically to spell the name of the maple tree.[2] Generally regarded as the informal or everyday term for frog, in contrast to the formal or poetic term kawazu (see below).[3]
The ultimate derivation is unclear, with numerous theories. Some of the leading ideas include:
- Cognate with 帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”), from the way that some species of frogs return to their birthplace to spawn
- Cognate with 孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”), in reference to tadpoles
- Derived from onomatopoeia, where kape originally referred to the frog's call, suffixed uncertain element -ru
The phonetic development went through a clear stage where the middle mora was pronounced /je/, as illustrated in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cayeru.[4] This was likely a result of the Muromachi period sound shift, where /we/ shifted to /je/, followed later by /je/ merging into /e/ to produce modern /kaeru/.
Now the most common term for frog.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
蛙 or 蛙 • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?
- a frog (amphibious animal)
Usage notes[edit]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カエル.
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| かわず Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
⟨kapadu⟩ → */kapadu/ → /kafad͡zu/ → /kawad͡zu/ → /kawazu/
The more formal or poetic counterpart to kaeru (see above).[3] Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[8]
The ultimate derivation is unclear, but the initial kawa portion (ancient kapa) is very likely 川, 河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”).
The phonetic development of the term had already progressed to kawadzu by 1603, as seen in the Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cauazzu.[9]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (poetic) a frog (amphibious animal)
- 1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō
- 古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音
- ふるいけやかはづとびこむみづのおと
(modern kana: ふるいけやかわずとびこむみずのおと)
furuike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto
old pond -- a frog jumps in -- the sound of water
- ふるいけやかはづとびこむみづのおと
- 1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō
- (Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person
Derived terms[edit]
- 井の中の蛙大海を知らず (i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu): “a frog in a well does not know the great ocean” → metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| かいる Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kairu/
Sound shift. Existed alongside earlier kayeru in the late 1500s, early 1600s, as seen in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cairu.[10]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| あ Hyōgaiji |
| kan’yōon |
Affix[edit]
- frog (amphibious animal)
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- 蟇蛙 (hikigaeru, “toad”)
- 御玉杓子 (otamajakushi, “tadpole”)
References[edit]
- ^ “蛙・蛤・蝦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ , text here
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][2] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here towards the bottom of the right-hand column
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ , text here
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][3] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][4] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fourth entry in the right-hand column, defined in Portuguese as raã, typographic variant of rãa, earlier form of modern rã (“frog”)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way)
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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