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See also:
U+8AD6, 論
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AD6

[U+8AD5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8AD7]
U+F941, 論
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F941

[U+F940]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F942]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 149, +8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人一月 (YROMB), four-corner 08627, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1168, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1633, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3988, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AD6

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ruːn, *ruːns, *run): semantic (say) + phonetic (OC *run).

Etymology[edit]

Compare Mizo râwn (to ask advice, to consult, to ask) [high-tone], Mizo râwn (to suggest, to advise, to recommend) [low-tone].

Pronunciation 1[edit]



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /luən⁵¹/
Harbin /luən⁵³/
Tianjin /luən⁵³/
Jinan /luẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /luə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /luən²¹³/
Xi'an /lyẽ²⁴/
Xining /lyə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /luŋ⁵³/ ~語
/luŋ¹³/ 言~
Lanzhou /lũn¹³/
Ürümqi /lun²¹³/
Wuhan /nən³⁵/
Chengdu /nən¹³/
/nuən¹³/
Guiyang /len²¹³/
Kunming /luə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /lun⁴⁴/
Hefei /lən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /luəŋ¹¹/
/lyəŋ¹¹/
/luəŋ⁴⁵/
/lyəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /luŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /lũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ləŋ²³/
Suzhou /lən³¹/
Hangzhou /len²¹³/
Wenzhou /lø³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /luːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lən¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /lun⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /løn²²/
Nanning /lɐn²²/
Hong Kong /løn²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /luŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lun³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3 2/3
Initial () (37) (37)
Final () (55) (55)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter lwonH lwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/luənH/ /luən/
Pan
Wuyun
/luonH/ /luon/
Shao
Rongfen
/luənH/ /luən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lwənH/ /lwən/
Li
Rong
/luənH/ /luən/
Wang
Li
/luənH/ /luən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/luənH/ /luən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lùn lún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
leon6 leon4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 3/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lùn lún
Middle
Chinese
‹ lwonH › ‹ lwon ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]ˁu[n]-s/ /*[r]ˁu[n]/
English discussion, discourse discuss, examine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3 1/3
No. 8656 8649
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ruːns/ /*ruːn/

Definitions[edit]

  1. to discuss; to reason; to debate; to argue
  2. to assess; to evaluate; to judge; to weigh
  3. to state; to talk about; to recount
  4. to treat; to regard; to handle
  5. to take into consideration; to consider
  6. according to; on the basis of
  7. discussion; dialogue; discourse
  8. essay; discourse
  9. theory; thesis; system

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (37)
Final () (47)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/liuɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/lʷin/
Shao
Rongfen
/ljuen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lwin/
Li
Rong
/liuĕn/
Wang
Li
/lĭuĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯uĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
leon4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lún
Middle
Chinese
‹ lwin ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]u[n]/
English (in name of Lúnyǔ 論語)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 8667
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*run/

Definitions[edit]

  1. to say directly or to the point
  2. Short for 論語论语 (Lúnyǔ, “Lunyu; Analects”).
  3. a surname

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

See also 論じる, and 論ずる

Kanji[edit]

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. argument, discussion

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC lwonH); compare Mandarin (lùn):

From Middle Chinese (MC lwin); compare Mandarin (lún):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(ろん) (ron

  1. theory
    (ろん)より(しょう)()
    ron yori shōko
    the proof of the pudding is in the eating

References[edit]

  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(eumhun 논할 (nonhal ron), South Korea 논할 (nonhal non))

  1. Hanja form? of / (argument, discussion).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: luận[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: lọn[1][2][3][4][5], lộn[1][2][3][4][5], lụn[1][2][3][4][5], luồn[1][2][3][5], trọn[1][2][3][5], luận[1][2][5], trộn[1][3][5], chọn[1][3], tròn[2][5], lòn[4][5], dọn[1], rộn[1], soạn[1], giọn[3], lốn[3], gọn[4], lấn[4], lẩn[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of luận (essay).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]