諷

See also: 讽

諷 U+8AF7, 諷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF7 ← 諶 [U+8AF6] CJK Unified Ideographs 諸 → [U+8AF8]

Translingual

Han character

諷 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹弓戈 (YRHNI), four-corner 0761₀, composition ⿰訁風)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1172, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35741
• Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4000, character 10
• Unihan data for U+8AF7

Chinese

trad.		諷
simp.		讽
alternative forms		風／风

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嵐	*b·ruːm
葻	*b·uːm
釩	*pʰomʔ
汎	*pʰoms, *bum
凡	*bom
帆	*bom, *boms
颿	*bom, *boms
軓	*bomʔ
梵	*bloms, *bum
芃	*boːŋ, *bum
風	*plum, *plums
飌	*plum
楓	*plum
猦	*plum
偑	*plum
檒	*plum
瘋	*plum
諷	*plums
堸	*blum
渢	*blum
鳳	*bums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plums) : semantic 言 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fěng, fèng

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˇ, ㄈㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fong³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fung³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hong / hóng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hong³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵fon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǒng
    • Wade–Giles: fêng³
    • Yale: fěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feeng
    • Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fòng
    • Wade–Giles: fêng⁴
    • Yale: fèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenq
    • Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fong³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /foŋ⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fung³
    • Yale: fung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
    • Tâi-lô: hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
    • Tâi-lô: hóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: horng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵fon
    • MiniDict: fon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²fon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foŋ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjuwngH

Rime
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方鳳切
Baxter	pjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋH/
Li Rong	/piuŋH/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*prəm-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*plums/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fèng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*prəm-s/
English	to recite
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諷
Reading #	1/1
No.	2928
Phonetic component	凡
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*plums/

Definitions

諷

1. to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language)
2. to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner
3. (literary) to recite; to incant

Compounds

• 仿諷／仿讽
• 借古諷今／借古讽今 (jiègǔfěngjīn)
• 傳諷／传讽
• 冷嘲熱諷／冷嘲热讽 (lěngcháorèfěng)
• 勸百諷一／劝百讽一
• 反諷／反讽 (fǎnfěng)
• 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
• 嘲諷漫罵／嘲讽漫骂
• 悲劇反諷／悲剧反讽
• 規諷／规讽
• 託諷／托讽
• 諷一勸百／讽一劝百
• 諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
• 諷刺劇／讽刺剧
• 諷刺文字／讽刺文字
• 諷刺畫／讽刺画 (fěngcìhuà)
• 諷味／讽味
• 諷喻／讽喻 (fěngyù)
• 諷示／讽示
• 諷經／讽经
• 諷詞／讽词
• 諷誦／讽诵
• 諷諫／讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
• 諷諭／讽谕 (fěngyù)
• 諷諭詩／讽谕诗
• 諷讀／讽读
• 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
• 降格仿諷／降格仿讽

 

Japanese

Kanji

諷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: ふ (fu); ふう (fū)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)
• Kun: そらんじる (soranjiru, 諷んじる); うたう (utau, 諷う)^{←うたふ (utafu, 諷ふ, historical)}; いさめる (isameru, 諷める)

Korean

Hanja

諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍)

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Vietnamese

Han character

諷: Hán Nôm readings: phúng

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