都

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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
都-order.gif
Stroke order
都-bw.png

Alternative forms[edit]

Note that there are two Unicode z-variants, with code points U+90FD and U+FA26 (this last one, however, is a compatibility variant and should be avoided).

Etymology[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic ⻏ (“town, city”) + phonetic 者 – a large city.

Han character[edit]

都 (radical 163 邑+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十日弓中 (JANL), four-corner 47627, composition ⿰者⻏)

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 都

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (都, reconstructed)
Character (都), Pronunciation 1/1

Initial: 端 (5)
Final: 模
Division: I

Openness: Open
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 當孤切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/tuo/ /tuo/ /to/ /tuo/ /tɔ/ /tu/ /to/
Old Chinese pronunciation (都, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
都 dū ‹ tu › /*tˤa/ capital city

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
都 16968 者 魚 0 都 /*taː/

Adverb[edit]

都

  1. (Beginning Mandarin) all, both
    我都知道了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ dōu zhīdào le. [Pinyin]
    I know everything.
  2. (emphasis) even
    他比任何人都好。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā bǐ rènhé rén dōu hǎo. [Pinyin]
    He is even better than anyone else.
  3. (used in the 连...也/都 and 连...也/都 不如 stuctures, interchangeable with 也) (emphasis) even
    他連畜生都不如，連自己的父母都不養活。 [MSC, trad.]
    他连畜生都不如，连自己的父母都不养活。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā lián xùshēng dōu bùrú, lián zìjǐ de fùmǔ dōu bù yǎnghuó. [Pinyin]
    He is no better than an animal, because he doesn't even support his own parents.
  4. already
    都四點了。 [MSC, trad.]
    都四点了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dōu sì diǎn le. [Pinyin]
    It is already 4 o'clock.
    都這麼晚了嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    都这么晚了吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Dōu zhème wǎn le ma? [Pinyin]
    Is it that late already?
  5. (Cantonese) also, too, as well
    我都好好。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    Ngo2 dou1 hou2 hou2 [Jyutping]
    I'm fine too.

Usage notes[edit]

  • (all): When negating 都, the placement of 不 is important.
不都 : not all, not everyone.
都不 : none, no one

See also[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (都, reconstructed)
Character (都), Pronunciation 1/1

Initial: 端 (5)
Final: 模
Division: I

Openness: Open
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 當孤切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/tuo/ /tuo/ /to/ /tuo/ /tɔ/ /tu/ /to/
Old Chinese pronunciation (都, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
都 dū ‹ tu › /*tˤa/ capital city

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
都 16968 者 魚 0 都 /*taː/

Noun[edit]

都

  1. capital (city)
  2. metropolis, large city

Proper noun[edit]

都

  1. A surname​. Du

References[edit]

  • "都" (in Mandarin/English), MDBG English to Chinese dictionary ( Based on CC-CEDICT ). URL accessed on 2014-03-15.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
都

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Noun[edit]

都 (hiragana と, romaji to)

  1. the prefecture of Tokyo

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

都 (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune-Reischauer to, Yale to)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

都 (đô, đo, đu, đua, đủ)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.
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