Translingual [edit]
| Stroke order |
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Etymology [edit]
氵 (“water, liquid”) + 酉 (“a wine vessel”)
Han character [edit]
酒 (radical 164 酉+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水一金田 (EMCW), four-corner 31160, composition ⿰氵酉)
- Wine, spirits, liquor, alcoholic beverage.
Usage notes [edit]
This character is often interpreted as “wine”. However, it is commonly applied to many types of fermented drinks and is not specific to grapes.
References [edit]
- KangXi: page 1281, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39776
- Dae Jaweon: page 1779, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3574, character 2
- Unihan data for U+9152
Cantonese [edit]
酒 (jyutping zau2, Yale jau2)
Japanese [edit]
酒 (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- rice wine
- alcohol
Readings [edit]
Compounds [edit]
Compounds
- 赤葡萄酒 (あかぶどうしゅ, akabudōshu)→赤ワイン
- 悪酒 (あくしゅ, akushu or わるざけ, waruzake)
- 朝酒 (あさざけ, asazake) drinking in the morning
- 甘酒 (あまざけ, amazake)
- 居酒屋 (いざかや, izakaya)
- 飲酒 (いんしゅ, inshu)
- 飲酒運転 (いんしゅうんてん, inshuunten) drunk driving
- 飲酒家 (いんしゅか, inshuka) a person have a habit to drink
- 飲酒癖 (いんしゅへき, inshuheki) drinking habit(the person cannot stop it easily)
- 笑酒 (egushi)
- 梅酒 (うめしゅ, umeshu)
- 大酒 (おおざけ, ōzake) much of alcohol
- 大酒飲み (おおざけのみ, ōzakenomi) heavy drinker
- お神酒 (おみき, omiki) sacred sake
- 御神酒 (おみき, omiki) sacred sake
- 卸酒販 (おろししゅはん, oroshishuhan) sake trader for the liquor shop
- 佳酒 (かしゅ, kashu)
- 火酒 (かしゅ, kashu)
- 燗酒 (かんざけ, kanzake) hot sake
- 願酒 (がんしゅ, ganshu)
- 生酒 (きざけ, kizake)
- 禁酒 (きんしゅ, kinshu) drinking prohibition
- 禁酒法 (きんしゅほう, kinshuhō) alcohol prohibition law
- 黒酒 (くろき, kuroki)
- 葷酒 (くんしゅ, kunshu)
- 古酒 (こしゅ, koshu) aged alcohol
- 酒蔵 (さかぐら, sakagura)
- 酒代 (さかだい, sakadai) charge for liquors
- 酒断ち (さかだち, sakadachi)
- 酒店 (さかだな, sakadana)
- 酒樽 (さかだる, sakadaru)
- 酒手 (さかて, sakate)
- 酒場 (さかば, sakaba)
- 酒浸り (さかびたり, sakabitari)
- 酒店 (さかみせ, sakamise)
- 酒盛り (さかもり, sakamori)
- 酒屋 (さかや, sakaya)
- 酒焼け (さかやけ, sakayake)
- 酒糟 (さけかす, sakekasu)
- 酒粕 (さけかす, sakekasu)
- 酒臭い (さけくさい, sakekusai)
- 酒癖 (さけぐせ, sakeguse)
- 酒肴 (さけさかな, sakesakana)
- 酒好き (さけずき, sakezuki)
- 酒造り (さけずくり, sakezukuri)
- 酒店 (さけてん, saketen)
- 酒処 (さけどころ, sakedokoro)
- 酒飲み (さけのみ, sakenomi) drinker
- 酒呑 (さけのみ, sakenomi) drinker
- 酒呑み (さけのみ, sakenomi)
- 酒浸り (さけびたり, sakebitari)
- 酒太り (さけぶとり, sakebutori) beer gut
- 酒宴 (しゅえん, shuen) alcoholic party
- 酒家 (しゅか, shuka)
- 酒客 (しゅかく, shukaku)
- 酒器 (しゅき, shuki)
- 酒気 (しゅき, shuki)
- 酒興 (しゅきょう, shukyō)
- 酒肴 (しゅこう, shukō)
- 酒豪 (しゅごう, shugō)
- 酒色 (しゅしょく, shushoku)
- 酒精 (しゅせい, shusei) spiritus
- 酒席 (しゅせき, shuseki)
- 酒石酸 (しゅせきさん, shusekisan)
- 酒仙 (しゅせん, shusen)
- 酒税 (しゅぜい, shuzei) alcohol tax
- 酒造 (しゅぞう, shuzō) sake brewing
- 酒造家 (しゅぞうか, shuzōka) distiller, sake brewer
- 酒造業 (しゅぞうぎょう, shuzōgyō) brewing industry
- 酒造場 (しゅぞうじょう, shuzōjō) sake winery
- 酒池肉林 (しゅちにくりん, shuchinikurin)
- 酒店 (しゅてん, shuten) liquor shop
- 酒徒 (しゅと, shuto)
- 酒毒 (しゅどく, shudoku)
- 酒杯 (しゅはい, shuhai)
Mandaic
- 酒販 (しゅはん, shuhan) liquor retailing
- 酒癖 (しゅへき, shuheki) drinking habit
- 酒保 (しゅほ, shuho)
- 酒名 (しゅめい, shumei)
- 酒乱 (しゅらん, shuran)
- 酒量 (しゅりょう, shuryō) amount of sake
- 酒類 (しゅるい, shurui) alcoholic beverages
- 果実酒 (かじつしゅ, kajitsushu)
- 聞き酒 (ききざけ, kikizake) sake tasting
- 利き酒 (ききざけ, kikizake) sake tasting
- 旨酒 (ししゅ, shishu)
- 混合酒 (こんごうしゅ, kongōshu) mixed drink
- 混成酒 (こんせいしゅ, konseishu) mixed liqueur
- 合成酒 (ごうせいしゅ, gonseishu)
- 食前酒 (しょくぜんしゅ, shokuzenshu) appetizer
- 白酒 (しろざけ, shirozake)
- 白葡萄酒 (しろぶどうしゅ, shirobudōshu)
- 新酒 (しんしゅ, shinshu) green wine
- 神酒 (しんしゅ, shinshu) libation
- 地酒 (じざけ, jizake) locally-brewed sake, microbrew
- 純米酒 (じゅんまいしゅ, jummaishu)
- 上酒 (じょうしゅ, jōshu)
- 醸造酒 (じょうぞうしゅ, jōzōshu) brewed beverage, fermented liquor
- 蒸留酒 (じょうりゅうしゅ, jōryūshu) distilled liquor, spirit
- 清酒 (せいしゅ, seishu) refined sake
- 節酒 (せっしゅ, sesshu)
- 粗酒 (そしゅ, soshu)
- 造酒 (ぞうしゅ, zōshu)
- 卵酒 (たまござけ, tamagozake)
- 濁酒 (だくしゅ, dakushu)
- 茶屋酒 (ちゃやざけ, chayazake)
- 作り酒屋 (つくりざかや, tsukurizakaya)
- 造り酒屋 (つくりざかや, tsukurizakaya)
- 斗酒 (としゅ, toshu)
- 毒酒 (どくしゅ, dokushu) poisoned alcohol
- 濁酒 (どぶろく, doburoku)
- 寝酒 (ねざけ, nezake) nightcap
- 冷酒 (ひやざけ, hiyazake) chilled alcohol
- 美酒 (びしゅ, bishu) tasteful liours
- 深酒 (ふかざけ, fukazake) heavy drinking
- 御酒 (みき, miki) sacred sake
- 神酒 (みき, miki) sacred sake
- 銘酒 (めいしゅ, meishu) choice sake
- 銘酒屋 (めいしゅや, meishuya)
- 麦酒 (ビール, bīru and ばくしゅ, bakushu)
- 特級酒 (とっきゅうしゅ, tokkyūshu)
- 濁り酒 (にごりざけ, nigorizake) Japanese sake
- 日本酒 (にほんしゅ, nihonshu)
- 梯子酒 (はしござけ, hashigozake)
- 冷や酒 (ひやざけ, hiyazake)
- 振舞い酒 (ふるまいざけ, furumaizake)
- ぶどう酒 (ぶどうしゅ, budōshu) wine
- 葡萄酒 (ぶどうしゅ, budōshu)
- 密造酒 (みつぞうしゅ, mitsuzōshu) bootleg, illegal alcohol
- 迎え酒 (むかえざけ, mukaezake) hair of the dog
- 薬酒 (やくしゅ, yakushu)
- 薬用酒 (やくようしゅ, yakuyōshu) medicated liquor
- 自棄酒 (やけざけ, yakezake) drinking to forget bad memory and for stress-free
- 安酒場 (やすさかば, yasusakaba) barrelhouse
- 安酒 (やすざけ, yasuzake) cheap alcohol
- 雪見酒 (ゆきみざけ, yukimizake) drinking sake viewing snow-falling
- 洋酒 (ようしゅ, yōshu) European liquors
- ラム酒 (らむしゅ, ramushu) rum liquor
- 乱酒 (らんしゅ, ranshu)
- 緑酒 (りょくしゅ, ryokushu)
- 林檎酒 (りんごしゅ, ringoshu) apple liquor
- 冷酒 (れいしゅ, reishu) chilled liquor
- 老酒 (ろうしゅ, rōshu)
- シェリー酒 (シェリーしゅ, sherīshu) sherry (of ''alcohol'')
- 三鞭酒 (シャンパン, shampan) champagne
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Etymology 1 [edit]
Originally /ki1/. Likely realized as [ki] (see Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai).
酒 (hiragana き, romaji ki)
- sake
- 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
- 許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐
Etymology 2 [edit]
Cognate with obsolete 奇し (kushi, “strange, wondrous, miraculous”), which is also the root for 薬 (kusuri, “medicine”).[1][2]
酒 (hiragana くし, romaji kushi)
- sake, rice wine
- 720: Nihon Shoki, volume 32 (Kodai Kayōshū, page 61)
- 許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余迩伊麻須伊波多多須須久那美迦微能加牟菩岐本岐玖流本斯登余本岐本岐母登本斯麻都理許斯美岐叙阿佐受袁勢佐佐
Derived terms [edit]
- 笑酒, 咲酒 (えぐし, egushi): rice wine or other alcohol that makes one smile and become happy
Etymology 3 [edit]
/sake2/ [sakəj] > [sake]
Various theories exist. Possible connection with 栄え (sakae), the stem of verb 栄える (sakaeru, “to thrive, to flourish”).[2][3]
酒 (hiragana さけ, romaji sake)
- Alcoholic beverage (e.g., wine, whisky, or sake)
- sake, saké, Japanese rice wine
Derived terms [edit]
Etymology 4 [edit]
Bound form of /sake/, only used as a prefix before other nouns. In older forms of Japanese, could also be used to prefix verbs.[1][4]
Prefix [edit]
酒 (hiragana さか, romaji saka)
- alcohol
- sake, saké, Japanese rice wine
Etymology 5 [edit]
Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbōshi, “women's word”). Possibly derived from reduplication of the first syllable sa from sake. Alternately, may be derived by metaphor from the Chinese-derived euphemism for sake, 竹葉 (chikuyō, literally, "bamboo leaves"), as 笹 (sasa) refers to a type of short, leafy bamboo.[5]
酒 (hiragana ささ, romaji sasa)
- alcohol
- sake, saké, Japanese rice wine
See also [edit]
See also
- 愛飲者 (あいいんしゃ, aiinsha)
- 後引き上戸 (あとひきじょうご, atohikijōgo)
- 泡盛 (awamori)
- 大虎 (おおどら, ōdora)
- 怒り上戸 (おこりじょうご, okorijōgo)
- 小虎 (こどら, kodora)
- 左党 (さとう, satō)
- 正覚坊 (しょうがくぼう, shōgakubō)
- 焼酎 (shōchū)
- 猩々 (しょうじょう, shōjō)
- 上戸 (じょうご, jōgo)
Mandaic
- 泣き上戸 (なきじょうご, nakijōgo)
- 飲み助 呑み助 (のみすけ, nomisuke)
- 飲み手 (のみて, nomite)
- 飲ん兵衛 (のんべえ, nombē)
- 飲兵衛 (のんべえ, nombē)
- 呑ん兵衛 (のんべえ, nombē)
- 呑兵衛 (のんべえ nombē)
- 左利 (ひだりきき, hidarikiki)
- 左利き (ひだりきき, hidarikiki)
- 左党 (ひだりとう, hidaritō)
- 笑い上戸 (わらいじょうご, waraijōgo)
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References [edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, Kokugo Dai Jiten Dictionary, edition Revised edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan:
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "酒" (in Japanese), Lookvise, Inc.: 2003. URL accessed on 2012-06-07.
- ^ 1988, Seinosuke Sugama, Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, "酒" article[1] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Heibonsha, retrieved on 2012-06-07:
- ^ 1998, Akira Matsumura editor, Digital Daijirin[2] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, ISBN 4095012129, retrieved on 2012-06-07:
- ^ 2006, Akira Matsumura editor, Daijirin[3], edition 3rd edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Sanseido, ISBN 4-385-13905-9, retrieved on 2012-06-07:
Korean [edit]
酒 (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune-Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
Compounds [edit]
Mandarin [edit]
Pronunciation [edit]
酒 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin jiǔ)
- Wine, spirits, liquor, alcoholic beverage
- 你幹嗎不喝點酒? (trad.)
- 你干吗不喝点酒? (simp.)
- Nǐ gànmá bù hē diǎn jiǔ?
- Why don't you have a drink [of alcohol]?
Usage notes [edit]
This word is often translated as “wine”. However, it commonly stands for many types of fermented drinks and is not specific to grapes.
See also [edit]
- 葡萄酒 (pútáo-jiǔ, grape wine)
- 氿 (alternative character of 「酒」)
Compounds [edit]
Middle Chinese [edit]
Han character [edit]
酒 (*tziǒu)
Min Nan [edit]
Han character [edit]
酒 (chiú)
Vietnamese [edit]
Han character [edit]
酒 (tửu, rượu, giậu)
