金石

Chinese

		metal; gold; money	rock; stone; 10 pecks
simp. and trad. (金石)		金	石

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīnshí

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ sek⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kim-chio̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gim¹ zioh⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīnshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jinshíh
    • Wade–Giles: chin¹-shih²
    • Yale: jīn-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinshyr
    • Palladius: цзиньши (czinʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gam¹ sek⁶
    • Yale: gām sehk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ sek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ ség⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim-chio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: kim-tsio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kimcioih
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kim³³ t͡sioʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gim¹ zioh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim tsio̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim³³⁻²³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

Note: gim1 zioh8 - "Jinshi" (Chaoyang accent).

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• Middle Chinese: kim dzyek

Rime
Character	金	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居吟切	常隻切
Baxter	kim	dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam1	sik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m  dAk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm  djaɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	金	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ kim ›	‹ dzyek ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)[ə]m/	/*dAk/
English	metal, bronze	stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	金	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6679	11470
Phonetic component	金	石
Rime group	侵	鐸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	金	石
Old Chinese	/*krɯm/	/*djaɡ/
Notes	說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之

Noun

金石

1. metal and stone
2. inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stone tablets
3. (music) bells and chime stones used in ancient Chinese music
4. (figurative) hardness and strength; adamant

Derived terms

• 心如金石
• 擲地作金石聲／掷地作金石声
• 精誠所加，金石為虧／精诚所加，金石为亏
• 精誠所至，金石為開／精诚所至，金石为开 (jīngchéngsuǒzhì, jīnshíwéikāi)
• 金石不渝
• 金石之盟
• 金石之言
• 金石交
• 金石例
• 金石城 (Jīnshíchéng)
• 金石奏
• 金石學／金石学 (jīnshíxué)
• 金石文
• 金石文字記／金石文字记
• 金石為開／金石为开
• 金石索
• 金石絲竹／金石丝竹 (jīnshísīzhú)
• 金石聲／金石声
• 金石至交
• 金石良言 (jīnshíliángyán)
• 金石萃編／金石萃编
• 金石語／金石语
• 金石錄／金石录

 

Proper noun

金石

1. (～鎮) Jinshi (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
金	石
きん Grade: 1	せき Grade: 1
kan’on

From Chinese 金石 (jīnshí).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲĩɰ̃se̞kʲi]

Noun

金(きん)石(せき) • (kinseki) 

1. [from 9th century] metal and stone, mineral
2. (figurative, by extension) (something) very strong, hard

   金石(きんせき)の交(まじ)わり

   kinseki no majiwari

   a rock-solid relationship

3. [from 11th century] a metal or stone vessel; (especially) a musical instrument made of gold or stone, such as a bell or qing (Chinese stone chime)
4. [from 19th century] a message to posterity engraved in metal or stone; an inscription

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
金	石
かな Grade: 1	いし Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Superficially of 金(かな) (kana, “metal”) + 石(いし) (ishi, “stone”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠na̠iɕi]

Noun

金(かな)石(いし) • (kanaishi) 

1. (regional, Chiba prefecture) andesite (volcanic rock of intermediate composition)

   Synonym: (standard) 安山岩 (anzangan)

2. (regional, Nagano to Kyoto prefecture) a stone, a rock
3. (regional, Shizuoka prefecture) native copper, copper mineral

   Synonym: (standard) 自然銅 (shizendō)