間

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See also: 间, 閒, 聞, and 閑
間 U+9593, 間
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9593
← 閒
[U+9592] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閔 →
[U+9594]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character[edit]

間 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日 (ANA), four-corner 77607, composition ⿵門日)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1333, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41249
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1839, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4288, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9593

Chinese[edit]

trad. 間
simp. 间
alternative forms 閒

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 間
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (閒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
間 *kreːn, *kreːns
簡 *kreːnʔ
澗 *kreːns, *kraːns
鐧 *kreːns, *kraːns
蕑 *kreːn
覵 *kreːn, *kreːns, *pkrenʔ
襉 *kreːnʔ, *kreːns
僩 *kreːnʔ, *ɡraːnʔ
鬜 *kʰreːn, *kʰraːn, *kʰreːd
癇 *ɡreːn
瞯 *ɡreːn
憪 *ɡreːn, *ɡraːnʔ
橌 *ɡraːnʔ
撊 *ɡraːnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 日 (“sun”). Originally 閒, moonlight (月) peeking through a door (門) – interstice; space.

Etymology[edit]

The two pronunciations are related, with Pronunciation 2 (間 (OC *kreːns)) being the exoactive of Pronunciation 1 (間 (OC *kreːn)).

Related to:

Externally, likely related to Mizo kâr (“space between; interval”), Burmese ကြား (kra:, “in-between; interval; interim”), အကြား (a.kra:, “gap; break”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • keng/kuiⁿ/kaiⁿ - vernacular (“room, classifier”);
    • kan - literary.
Note:
  • goin1/gain1 - vernacular (“room, classifier”) (gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang);
  • gang1 - literary.
Note:
  • 1ke - vernacular;
  • 1ji - literary.
Note: ga1 - in 中間子.
Rime
Character 間
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古閑切
Baxter kean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəɨn/
Li
Rong 		/kɛn/
Wang
Li 		/kæn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 間
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kɛn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁre[n]/
English interval

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 間
Reading # 1/2
No. 6226
Phonetic
component 		閒
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		閒
Old
Chinese 		/*kreːn/
Notes 原作閒同說文

Definitions[edit]

間

  1. within a definite time period or place
    時間／时间  ―  shíjiān  ―  time, period
    晚間／晚间  ―  wǎnjiān  ―  evening, night
    世間／世间  ―  shìjiān  ―  world, earth
    空間／空间  ―  kōngjiān  ―  space
  3. among; between
    小鳥們在樹枝間唱歌。 [MSC, trad.]
    小鸟们在树枝间唱歌。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiǎo niǎo men zài shùzhī jiān chàng gē. [Pinyin]
    The birds were singing among the branches of the tree.
    兩個公司間的談判非常成功。 [MSC, trad.]
    两个公司间的谈判非常成功。 [MSC, simp.]
    Liǎng ge gōngsī jiān de tánpàn fēicháng chénggōng. [Pinyin]
    The negotiations between the two companies were successful.
    兩點間直線最短。 [MSC, trad.]
    两点间直线最短。 [MSC, simp.]
    Liǎng diǎn jiān zhíxiàn zuì duǎn. [Pinyin]
    The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
  4. a moment; a little while; instant
  5. room; chamber
    房間／房间  ―  fángjiān  ―  room
    衛生間／卫生间  ―  wèishēngjiān  ―  bathroom, toilet
    衣帽間／衣帽间  ―  yīmàojiān  ―  cloakroom
    雙人間／双人间  ―  shuāngrénjiān  ―  double room
  6. section of a room; lateral space between two pairs of pillars
  7. Classifier for smallest units of housing, such as rooms and shopfronts.
  8. (chiefly Cantonese) Classifier for buildings in general, including schools, banks, cinemas, hospitals, shops, factories.
  9. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 房間 (“room”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 房間
Mandarin Beijing 屋子, 屋兒, 屋, 房
Taiwan 房間
Ulanhot 屋兒
Tongliao 屋兒
Chifeng 房間
Bayanhot 房間
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 屋兒
Harbin 屋子
Yantai (Muping) 房子
Jinan 屋子, 屋, 房子
Luoyang 房間兒
Wanrong 房兒
Xi'an 房子, 房
Yinchuan 屋
Lanzhou 房子
Ürümqi 房子
Wuhan 房, 房間
Chengdu 房子, 屋子, 屋, 房間
Guiyang 房間
Guilin 房間
Liuzhou 房間, 房
Xuzhou 屋
Yangzhou 房間
Nanjing 房間, 房, 房子
Hefei 房, 屋子
Malaysia 房間
Singapore 房間
Cantonese Guangzhou 房, 房間
Hong Kong 房
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 房間
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 房
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 間肚
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 房間
Macau 房
Guangzhou (Panyu) 房
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 屋仔
Guangzhou (Conghua) 房
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 房
Foshan 房
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 房
Foshan (Shunde) 房
Foshan (Sanshui) 房
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 房
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 房
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 房
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 房
Zhuhai (Doumen) 房
Jiangmen (Baisha) 房
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 房
Taishan 房
Kaiping (Chikan) 房
Enping (Niujiang) 房
Heshan (Yayao) 房
Dongguan 房, 房間
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 房間
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 房
Shaoguan 房
Yunfu 房間
Yangjiang 屋間, 間
Xinyi 房, 房間
Lianjiang 房
Nanning 房, 屋
Wuzhou 房, 屋
Yulin 房間, 屋
Hepu (Lianzhou) 房間, 屋
Danzhou 房
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 房
Singapore (Guangfu) 房
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 房間, 房
Gan Nanchang 房間, 房
Poyang 房間
Yugan 房間
Wannian 房間
Yiyang, Jiangxi 間
Hengfeng 間
Yanshan 間
Lichuan 房仔, 房間
Pingxiang 房
Hakka Meixian 房間, 間仔, 間, 屋仔
Xingning 間
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 房間
Huiyang 房間
Huidong (Daling) 間
Dongguan (Qingxi) 房
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 房間
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 房間
Heyuan (Bendihua) 間
Wengyuan 間
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 房間
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 房
Liannan 間
Conghua (Lütian) 間
Jiexi 間
Luhe 房間
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 屋
Changting 間哩, 間
Wuping 間
Wuping (Yanqian) 間
Wuping (Pingyu) 間
Liancheng 間哩, 間
Ninghua 房間
Yudu 間, 房間, 歇間
Ningdu 間
Ruijin 間
Shicheng 間
Shangyou (Shexi) 間
Tonggu (Sandu) 間
Ganzhou (Panlong) 間
Dayu 間
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 間房, 房間, 間
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 房間, 間房
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 間房, 房間
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 間房, 房間
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 間房, 房間
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 房間, 間房
Hong Kong 間肚, 間
Yangxi (Tangkou) 房間
Yangchun (Sanjia) 房間
Xinyi (Sihe) 間
Xinyi (Qianpai) 房
Gaozhou (Xindong) 屋房
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 房間
Huazhou (Xin'an) 間角 large, 房 small
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 間
Lianjiang (Qingping) 間
Mengshan (Xihe) 間
Luchuan 間
Luchuan (Daqiao) 房間
Senai (Huiyang) 房間
Kuching (Hepo) 房間
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 房間
Singkawang 間肚
Huizhou Jixi 房
Shexian 房
Tunxi 房間
Xiuning 房, 房間
Yixian 房
Qimen 房
Wuyuan 房
Dexing 房間
Jin Taiyuan 家, 房子
Xinzhou 家
Taibus (Baochang) 房屋
Linhe 房間
Jining 房子, 房
Hohhot 家合兒, 家裡頭
Baotou 房子, 房
Dongsheng 房間
Haibowan 屋子
Northern Min Jian'ou 房間
Jian'ou (Dikou) 厝間
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 間
Jianyang 厝間
Wuyishan 厝間
Pucheng (Shibei) 厝間
Eastern Min Fuzhou 房裡, 房間, 房
Changle 房裡
Fuqing 房裡, 房間
Yongtai 間裡
Gutian 間裡
Fu'an 間裡
Ningde 間裡
Shouning 間裡
Zhouning 間裡
Fuding 間裡
Matsu 房裡, 房間
Southern Min Xiamen 房間, 厝間, 房, 口間
Quanzhou 房間, 房
Jinjiang 厝間
Yongchun 房
Zhangzhou 房間, 房
Kaohsiung 房間
Penang (Hokkien) 房間
Singapore (Hokkien) 房間, 厝間
Manila (Hokkien) 房間, 房
Longyan 房間
Zhangping 間內
Zhangping (Yongfu) 間內, 間房
Datian 房間
Pingnan (Shangdu) 房間, 屋
Chaozhou 房
Shantou 房
Jieyang 房, 間囝
Haifeng 房間
Bangkok (Teochew) 房間
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 房間
Singapore (Teochew) 房間
Leizhou 房
Wenchang 房
Haikou 房
Qionghai 房
Puxian Min Xianyou 厝裡
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 房
Sanxiang 房
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 房, 房間
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 房間
Wu Shanghai 房間
Suzhou 房間
Danyang 房間
Hangzhou 房間
Ningbo 房間
Wenzhou 間, 房間
Jinhua 房, 房間
Shangrao 房間
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 間
Yushan 房間
Xiang Changsha 房, 屋 not used as a bedroom
Loudi 房
Shuangfeng 房, 屋 not used as a bedroom
Quanzhou 房間, 屋子

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note: gain3 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 間
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古莧切
Baxter keanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠɛnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚænH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəɨnH/
Li
Rong 		/kɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/kænH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kănH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 間
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kɛn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁre[n]/
English 間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 間
Reading # 2/2
No. 6228
Phonetic
component 		閒
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		襇
Old
Chinese 		/*kreːns/
Notes 閒後起字體

Definitions[edit]

間

  1. opening; gap; break
  2. estrangement; alienation; hostility
  3. spy; secret agent
  4. to keep away from; to keep apart
  5. to separate; to partition
  6. to alternate; to do something alternately
  7. to be mixed up with; to be intermingled
  8. to sow discord
  9. to blame; to reproach
  10. intermittently; sometimes
  11. in secret; clandestinely

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

間

  1. (obsolete) Variant pronunciation of the classifier sense.
  2. (obsolete) Used in place names.

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

間

Kyūjitai

閒
Ryakuji for 間, based on ryakuji for 門; compare also 開.

Kanji[edit]

間

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 閒)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
間
あいだ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry.
【あいだ】
[noun] a space
[noun] a while; an interval; (when followed by に) meanwhile
[noun] between
[noun] during
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
間
ま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry.
【ま】H
[noun] 間: space; room
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
間
あい
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry.
【あい】
[noun] (literary or dialectal) interval of time or space; time; during; between; leisure
[noun] relation; relationship; terms (between people)
[noun] Short for 間狂言 (aikyōgen).
[noun] Short for 間駒 (aigoma).
[noun] Short for 間の手 (ai no te).
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
間
かん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 間／间 (kɛn, “interval”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

間(かん) • (kan) 

  1. space; interval; among; between
  2. extent; scope
  3. hidden; invisible
  4. Alternative spelling of 閑 (kan, “free time”)

Noun[edit]

間(かん) • (kan) 

  1. interval

Suffix[edit]

間(かん) • (-kan) 

  1. suffixes some expressions of time to tell duration rather than time or date
    二(に)時(じ) ― ni-ji ― two (o'clock)
    二(に)時(じ)間(かん) ― ni-jikan ― two hours
    二(に)時(じ)五(ご)分(ふん) ― ni-ji go-fun ― five past two
    五(ご)分(ふん)(間(かん)) ― go-fun (kan) ― five minutes
    二(ふつ)日(か) ― futsuka ― the 2nd (day of the month)
    二(ふつ)日(か)(間(かん)) ― futsuka (kan) ― two days

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
間
はざま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry.
【狭間はざま】
[noun] interval; gap; space between
[noun] arrowslit
[suffix] (in place names) interstice; passage between
[suffix] (in place names) gorge, valley; ravine
Alternative spelling
迫間
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

間 (eumhun 사이 간 (sai gan))

  1. Hanja form? of 간 (“between”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

間: Hán Nôm readings: gian, dán, gián

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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