阮咸

Chinese

		surname; a Chinese plucked stringed instrument	all
simp. and trad. (阮咸)		阮	咸

Ruan Xian (right, playing Qin pipa) with Rong Qiqi (left, playing qin), in a relief dating from the 4th century

Etymology

Named after Chinese scholar 阮咸 (Ruǎn Xián) of the Six Dynasties period, who played a round-bodied, long-necked fretted plucked lute that was called Qin pipa (秦琵琶) in his time.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruǎnxián

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁵ haam⁴, jyun² haam⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ruǎnxián
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ruǎnsián
    • Wade–Giles: juan³-hsien²
    • Yale: rwǎn-syán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: roanshyan
    • Palladius: жуаньсянь (žuanʹsjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun⁵ haam⁴, jyun² haam⁴
    • Yale: yúhn hàahm, yún hàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁵ haam⁴, jyn² haam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁵ ham⁴, yun² ham⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn¹³ haːm²¹/, /jyːn³⁵ haːm²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjwonX heam

Rime
Character	阮	咸
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	虞遠切	胡讒切
Baxter	ngjwonX	heam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉɐnX/	/ɦˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷiɐnX/	/ɦᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɐnX/	/ɣɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuanX/	/ɦəɨm/
Li Rong	/ŋiuɐnX/	/ɣɐm/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwɐnX/	/ɣɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wɐnX/	/ɣăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuǎn	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun5	haam4

Noun

阮咸

1. Synonym of 阮 (“ruan (a Chinese long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute)”)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阮咸):

• → Japanese: 阮咸(げんかん) (genkan)
• → Korean: 완함(阮咸) (wanham)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
阮	咸
げん Hyōgaiji	かん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ŋkã̠ɴ]

Noun

阮(げん)咸(かん) • (genkan) 

1. A long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute of Chinese origin, used in Japan since at least the Nara period.