防

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防 U+9632, 防
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9632
← 阱
[U+9631] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 阳 →
[U+9633]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

防 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+4, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓中卜竹尸 (NLYHS), four-corner 70227, composition ⿰阝方)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1347, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41576
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4118, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9632

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 防
alternative forms 埅
𨹛

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
縍 *paːŋ
榜 *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡 *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ
牓 *paːŋʔ
螃 *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒 *paːŋs, *braːŋ
舫 *paːŋs, *paŋs
謗 *paːŋs
雱 *pʰaːŋ
磅 *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ
霶 *pʰaːŋ
滂 *pʰaːŋ
鎊 *pʰaːŋ
髈 *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ
彷 *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ
趽 *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs
房 *baːŋ, *baŋ
篣 *baːŋ, *braːŋ
騯 *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍 *baːŋ, *baːŋs
膀 *baːŋ
旁 *baːŋ
徬 *baːŋs
閍 *praːŋ
祊 *praːŋ
嗙 *praːŋ
方 *paŋ, *baŋ
汸 *paŋ
坊 *paŋ, *baŋ
邡 *paŋ, *pʰaŋs
枋 *paŋ
鈁 *paŋ
蚄 *paŋ
肪 *paŋ, *baŋ
鴋 *paŋ, *baŋ
牥 *paŋ
昉 *paŋʔ
瓬 *paŋʔ
放 *paŋʔ, *paŋs
倣 *paŋʔ
芳 *pʰaŋ
淓 *pʰaŋ
妨 *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs
紡 *pʰaŋʔ
仿 *pʰaŋʔ
髣 *pʰaŋʔ
鶭 *pʰaŋʔ
訪 *pʰaŋs
防 *baŋ, *baŋs
魴 *baŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baŋ, *baŋs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hòng - vernacular;
  • huòng - literary.
Note:
  • 3baan - vernacular (e.g. 預防);
  • 3vaan - literary (e.g. 消防).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 防
Mandarin Beijing /fɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /faŋ²⁴/ ～備
/faŋ²¹³/ 國～
Tianjin /fɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /faŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /faŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /faŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /faŋ²⁴/
Xining /fɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /fɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /fɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /fɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /faŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /faŋ³¹/
Guiyang /faŋ²¹/
Kunming /fã̠³¹/
Nanjing /faŋ²⁴/
Hefei /fɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /fɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
/xuə¹³/
Hohhot /fɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /bɑ̃²³/
/vɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /bɑ̃¹³/
/vɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /bɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /fo⁴⁴/
Tunxi /fau⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fɔŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /foŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /foŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /fɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /fɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /houŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /huaŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /faŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 防 防
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 陽 (106) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 符方切 符況切
Baxter bjang bjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bʉɐŋ/ /bʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷiɐŋ/ /bʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuɑŋ/ /biuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buaŋ/ /buaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/biuaŋ/ /biuaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/bĭwaŋ/ /bĭwaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱiwaŋ/ /bʱiwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fáng fàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fong4 fong6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 防
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fáng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[m-p]aŋ/
English dike

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 防 防
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3053 3059
Phonetic
component 		方 方
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		房 防
Old
Chinese 		/*baŋ/ /*baŋs/

Definitions[edit]

防

  1. (literary, or in compounds) dam; embankment
  2. (obsolete) fortress; stronghold
  3. (obsolete) to dam; to block; to build an embankment
  4. to prevent; to guard against
    防癌  ―  fáng'ái  ―  to prevent cancer
    這種人不得不防。 [MSC, trad.]
    这种人不得不防。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè zhǒng rén bùdé bù fáng. [Pinyin]
    You must guard against people like this.
  5. (literary, or in compounds) to defend; to safeguard
    防線／防线  ―  fángxiàn  ―  line of defense
  6. (literary, or in compounds) matters pertaining to defense
    邊防／边防  ―  biānfáng  ―  border defense
    國防／国防  ―  guófáng  ―  national defense
  7. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

  • (dam):
  • (to prevent):
  • (to defend):

Compounds[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

防

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. dam, embankment
  2. prevent, anti-, -proof
  3. defend

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

dam, embankment
prevent, anti-, -proof
Derived terms
defend
Derived terms

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

防 (eumhun 막을 방 (mageul bang))

  1. Hanja form? of 방 (“dam, embankment”).
  2. Hanja form? of 방 (“prevent, anti-, -proof”).
  3. Hanja form? of 방 (“defend”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

防: Hán Nôm readings: phòng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds[edit]

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