雨

Translingual

Alternative forms

• ⻗ (U+2ED7) (When used as a combining radical)

Han character

雨 (radical 173 雨+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中月卜 (MLBY), four-corner 1022₇)

References

• KangXi: page 1371, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42210
• Dae Jaweon: page 1878, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4057, character 1
• Unihan data for U+96E8

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		雨

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/r/s-wa.

Graphically: Pictogram (象形) – a cloud with drops of rain falling from it.

Stroke order

Stroke order

Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǔ, yù (yu³, yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˇ, ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): yí
• Min Nan (POJ): hō͘ / ú
• Wu (WT Romanisation): hhy (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
    • Wade-Giles: yü³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
    • IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/

    • (file)

      
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Wade-Giles: yü⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
    • IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁵
    • Yale: yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yí
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /ji³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘ / ú
    • Tâi-lô: hō͘ / ú
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔ³³/, /u⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/, /u⁵³/
  • Note: hō͘ - colloquial; ú - literary.
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: hhy (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ɦy²³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (雨, reconstructed)
Character (雨), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 云 (35) Final: 虞 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 王矩切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɦɨoX/	/i̯uX/	/ɣioX/	/ɦioX/	/ɦuə̆X/	/ɣĭuX/	/ɣioX/

Old Chinese pronunciation (雨, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
雨								yǔ								‹ hjuX ›								/*C.ɢʷ(r)aʔ/								rain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
雨					15952					雨					魚					0					羽					/*ɢʷaʔ/

Definitions

雨

1. rain

   • 雷以動之，風以散之，雨以潤之，日以烜之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

     雷以动之，风以散之，雨以润之，日以烜之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 3rd – 2nd millennia BCE

     Léi yǐ dòng zhī, fēng yǐ sàn zhī, yǔ yǐ rùn zhī, rì yǐ xuǎn zhī. [Pinyin]

     Thunder serves to put things in motion; wind to scatter (the genial seeds of) them; rain to moisten them; the sun to warm them.

2. (figuratively)
   1. ^† friend
   2. ^† teaching, instruction

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (雨):

• Japanese: 雨 (う, u)
• Korean: 우 (雨, u)
• Vietnamese: vũ (雨)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Wade-Giles: yü⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
    • IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁶
    • Yale: yuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (雨, reconstructed)
Character (雨), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 云 (35) Final: 虞 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 王遇切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɦɨoH/	/i̯uH/	/ɣioH/	/ɦioH/	/ɦuə̆H/	/ɣĭuH/	/ɣioH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (雨, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
雨								yù								‹ hjuH ›								/*[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ-s/								rain (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
雨					15953					雨					魚					0					芋					/*ɢʷas/

Definitions

雨

1. ^† to rain

   • 雨我公田，遂及我私。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE

     Yù wǒ gōng tián, suì jí wǒ sī. [Pinyin]

     May it rain first on our public fields, and then come to our private!

2. ^† to fall from the sky (like the rain)

   • 北風其涼，雨雪其雱。惠而好我，攜手同行。其虛其邪，既亟只且。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

     北风其凉，雨雪其雱。惠而好我，携手同行。其虚其邪，既亟只且。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE

     Běi fēng qí liáng, yù xuě qí pāng. Huì ér hào wǒ, xié shǒu tóng xíng. Qí xū qí xié, jì jí zhǐ qiě. [Pinyin]

     Cold blows the north wind; Thick falls the snow. Ye who love and regard me, let us join hands and go together. Is it a time for delay? The urgency is extreme!

Compounds

Derived terms

• 下雨

• 傾盆大雨／倾盆大雨

• 降雨

• 雨季

• 雨雪

• 雲雨／云雨

• 風雨／风雨

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Japanese

Kanji

雨

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: う (u)
• Kan’on: う (u)
• Kun: あめ (ame), あま (ama), さめ (same)

さめ (same) occurs as epenthesis (instead of the more common あめ (ame)) in terms such as 小雨 (kosame, “light rain, drizzle”) and 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain”).

Compounds

雨傘 (amagasa): umbrella 雨域 (uiki): rainy area 雨雲 (amagumo): rain cloud 雨蛙 (amagaeru): tree frog 雨笠 (amagasa): rain hat 雨間 (amaai): break in the rain 雨期, 雨季 (uki): rainy season 雨気 (amake, uki): signs of rain 雨脚, 雨足 (amaashi, ameashi): passing shower 雨具 (amagu): rain gear 雨空 (amazora): threatening sky 雨靴 (amagutsu): overshoes 雨戸 (amado): sliding storm door 雨後 (ugo): after rain 雨水 (amamizu): rain water 雨声 (usei): sound of rain 雨着 (amagi): raincoat 雨中 (uchū): in the rain

雨注 (uchū): showering upon 雨滴 (uteki): rain drops 雨天 (uten): rainy weather 雨曇 (amagumori): overcast weather 雨樋 (amadoi): drainspout 雨氷 (uhyō): freezing rain 雨風 (amakaze, amekaze): rain and wind 雨粒 (amatsubu, ametsubu): raindrop 雨量 (uryō): rainfall 雨林 (urin): rain forest 雨露 (uro, ametsuyu): rain and dew 雨霰 (amearare): rain and hail 雨垂れ (amadare): raindrops 雨降り (amefuri): in the rain 雨乞い (amagoi): praying for rain 雨止み (amayami): break in the rain 雨宿り (amadayori): taking shelter from rain 雨避け, 雨除け (amayoke): shelter from rain

雨上り (ameagari): after the rain 雨続き (ametsuzuki): raining for days on end 雨曝し (amazarashi): weatherbeaten 雨落ち (amaochi, ameochi): raindrops fall from eaves 雨漏り (amamori): roof leak 雨合羽 (amagappa): raincoat 雨支度, 雨仕度 (amajitaku): preparation for rain 降雨 (kōu): rainfall 豪雨 (gōu): heavy rain 梅雨 (baiu, tsuyu): rainy season 風雨 (fūu): wind and rain 大雨 (ōame): heavy rain 俄雨 (niwakaame): shower 春雨 (harusame): spring rain 小雨 (kosame): drizzle 時雨 (shigure): late fall rain 五月雨 (samidare): early summer rain

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

雨

あめ Grade: 1

kun'yomi

Cognate with same (“rain”). Found both alone and in compounds. Perhaps derived from /same/ → /ame/ with loss of the initial /s/; see same.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [á̠.me̞]
• あ​め (Atamadaka)

Noun

雨 (hiragana あめ, romaji ame)

1. rain
   • 一雨ごとに春が来る

     hito ame goto ni haru ga kuru

     Spring nears by each rain-fall

   • 931-938, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 1 page 24)

     雨 設文云、雨、音禹、阿女○山田本有和名二字、谷川氏曰、阿女天水之急呼、謂如水從天下也、水從雲中而下也

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

雨

さめ Grade: 1

kun'yomi

Cognate with ame (“rain”). Found in compounds. The /s/ either represents epenthesis between two vowels in compounds or, more likely, is a reflex of an older form of the word ame (“rain”) only maintained in fossilized compounds. See Derived terms.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sá̠.me̞]

Noun

雨 (hiragana さめ, romaji same)

1. rain

Derived terms

• 秋雨 (akisame)
• 速雨, 暴雨 (hayasame)
• 春雨 (harusame)
• 大雨 (hichisame)
• 大雨 (hijisame)
• 大雨 (hisame)
• 氷雨 (hisame)
• 糸雨 (itosame)
• 霧雨 (kirisame)
• 樹雨 (kisame)
• 小雨 (kosame)
• 群雨, 叢雨, 暴雨 (murasame)
• 長雨 (nagasame)
• 白雨 (shirasame)
• 藪雨 (yabusame)
• 横雨 (yokosame)
• 夜雨 (yosame)

References

• 1968 May 2 [931-938], Shitagō Minamoto; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu, Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 4-653-00507-9:

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Korean

Hanja

雨 (u)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 우 (revised: u, McCune-Reischauer: u, Yale: wu)

• Name (hangeul): 비()

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

• Compounds:
  • 雨傘 (우산, usan)
  • 雨雹 (우박, ubak)

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Miyako

Kanji

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

Noun

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

1. rain

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Okinawan

Kanji

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

Noun

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

1. rain

Compounds

• 雨小 (あみぐぁー, amigwaa): light rain, drizzle, mizzle, sprinkle
• 雨降い (あみふい, amifui): raining, rainy, rainfall
• 一雨 (ちゅあみ, chuami): rainfall, shower

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Vietnamese

Han character

雨 (vũ, thủy)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Yonaguni

Kanji

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

Noun

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

1. rain

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Yoron

Kanji

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

Noun

雨 (hiragana あみ, romaji ami)

1. rain

Compounds

• 長雨 (ながみ, nagami): rainy season (also 霖)