零

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See also: 〇

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
零-bw.png
Stroke order
零-order.gif

Etymology[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 – original sense “drizzle” (of rain).

Han character[edit]

零 (radical 173 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月人戈戈 (MBOII), four-corner 10307, composition ⿱⻗令)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1372, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4061, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+96F6

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 零

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (零, reconstructed)
Character (零), Pronunciation 1/3

Initial: 來 (37)
Final: 先
Division: IV

Openness: Open
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 落賢切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/len/ /lien/ /len/ /len/ /lɛn/ /lien/ /lɛn/
Character (零), Pronunciation 2/3

Initial: 來 (37)
Final: 青
Division: IV

Openness: Open
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 郎丁切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/leŋ/ /lieŋ/ /leŋ/ /leŋ/ /lɛjŋ/ /lieŋ/ /lɛŋ/
Character (零), Pronunciation 3/3

Initial: 來 (37)
Final: 青
Division: IV

Openness: Open
Tone: Departing (H)

 Fanqie: 郎定切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/leŋH/ /lieŋH/ /leŋH/ /leŋH/ /lɛjŋH/ /lieŋH/ /lɛŋH/
Old Chinese pronunciation (零, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
零 líng ‹ leng › /*[r]ˤiŋ/ fall (v., of rain)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
零 8273 令 眞 2 蓮 /*riːŋ/
零 8305 令 耕 0 靈 /*reːŋ/
零 8331 令 耕 0 零 /*reːŋs/

Definitions[edit]

零

  1. zero
  2. fragment, fraction
    零星 (língxīng, "fragmentary")

Compounds[edit]

See also[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Japanese cardinal numbers
0 1  > 
    Cardinal : 零

Kanji[edit]

See also:
零

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
れい
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 零 (leng) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye to mean zero, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三百零二, literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零 character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

零 (hiragana れい, romaji rei)

  1. zero

Numeral[edit]

零 (hiragana れい, romaji rei)

  1. zero
Usage notes[edit]

The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation.

Proper noun[edit]

零 (hiragana れい, romaji Rei)

  1. A male given name

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
こぼし
Grade: S
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 零す, 溢す (kobosu, “to spill something”).[3][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

零 (hiragana こぼし, romaji koboshi)

  1. a spill (implying intent or fault by someone)
  2. grumbling (as when one's emotions overflow)
Usage notes[edit]

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 零し. See that entry for more detail.

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
こぼれ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 翻れる, 零れる (koboreru, “to spill, to be left over”).[3][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

零 (hiragana こぼれ, romaji kobore)

  1. a spill (implying a natural or unintended event)
  2. remainder, leftover
Usage notes[edit]

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 零れ. See that entry for more detail.

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
ぜろ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From English zero,[3][2] or French zéro.[3] The kanji spelling is ateji.

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

零 (hiragana ぜろ, romaji zero)

  1. zero

Numeral[edit]

零 (hiragana ぜろ, romaji zero)

  1. zero
Usage notes[edit]

The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation. The katakana spelling ゼロ is more common in general contexts.

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1999, 「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和 ("Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu, “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, Tōkyō: Toyo Shoten, ISBN 4-88595-226-3
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Japanese numbers
零(れい)/ゼロ | 一(いち) | 二(に) | 三(さん) | 四(よん,し) | 五(ご) | 六(ろく) | 七(しち,なな) | 八(はち) | 九(きゅう,く)

十(じゅう) | 十一(じゅういち) | 十二(じゅうに) | 十三(じゅうさん) | 十四(じゅうよん, じゅうし)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

零 (ryeong→yeong, ryeon→yeon) (hangeul 령→영, 련→연, revised ryeong→yeong, ryeon→yeon, McCune-Reischauer ryŏng→yŏng, ryŏn→yŏn, Yale lyeng→yeng, lyen→yen)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

零 (linh, lênh, rinh)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.
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