食

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See also: 飠, 饣, and 良

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
食-bw.png
Stroke order
食-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 𠊊
  • (when used as a left Chinese radical) 飠／𩙿 (kyūjitai)／饣 (simplified Chinese)

Han character[edit]

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See images of
Radical 184 食

食 (radical 184 食+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人戈日女 (OIAV), four-corner 80732)

See also[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1415, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44014
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1939, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4440, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+98DF


Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 食

Glyph origin[edit]

Shuowen Jiezi: Phono-semantic compound (形聲): phonetic 亼 + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.

Pictogram (象形): a mouth over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 人+良, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is cognate to 皀, not to 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.

食 食 食 食
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak.

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (食, reconstructed)
Character (食), Pronunciation 2/2

Initial: 船 (27)
Final: 職
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Checked (Ø)

 Fanqie: 乗力切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/ʑɨk̚/ /d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/ /d͡ʑiək̚/ /ʑɨk̚/ /ʑik̚/ /d͡ʑĭək̚/ /ʑiek̚/
Old Chinese pronunciation (食, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
食 shí ‹ zyik › /*mə-lək/ eat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
食 11477 食 職 0 /*ɦljɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

食

  1. † (Cantonese, Hakka, Min) to eat; to have a meal; to take in; to drink or smoke
    中國人係揸筷子食飯嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    中国人系揸筷子食饭嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Zung1 gwok3 jan4 hai6 zaa1 faai3 zi2 sik6 faan6 ge3. [Jyutping]
    Chinese people use chopsticks to eat with.
    上星期日我同啲朋友一齊食晚飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    上星期日我同啲朋友一齐食晚饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Soeng6 sing1 kei4 jat6 ngo5 tung4 di1 pang4 jau5 jat1 cai4 sik6 maan5 faan6. [Jyutping]
    Last Sunday, I ate dinner together with my friends.
    你食咗飯未呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你食咗饭未呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    Nei5 sik6 zo2 faan6 mei6 aa3? [Jyutping]
    Have you eaten yet?
  2. † meal; food
  3. † edible
  4. † (蝕／蚀)
    1. to eat away; to erode
    2. eclipse (of the Sun or Moon)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

The *s- causative of Etymology 1. See 飼 for more.

Pronunciation[edit]

Old Chinese pronunciation (食, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
食 sì ‹ ziH › /*s-m-lək-s/ feed (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions[edit]

食

  1. † (飼／饲) to feed; to make ... eat or cause ... to eat

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (食, reconstructed)
Character (食), Pronunciation 1/2

Initial: 以 (36)
Final: 之
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Departing (H)

 Fanqie: 羊吏切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/jɨH/ /iH/ /iəH/ /jɨH/ /jɨH/ /jĭəH/ /ieH/
Old Chinese pronunciation (食, reconstructed)
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
食 11476 食 代 0 異 /*lɯɡs/

Definitions[edit]

食

  1. † Only used in names.

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Unbound apophonic form uke.

Noun[edit]

食 (hiragana うか, romaji uka)

  1. food
  2. grain

Etymology 2[edit]

uka + i → uke2 → uke. Bound apophonic form uka.

Noun[edit]

食 (hiragana うけ, romaji uke)

  1. food

Etymology 3[edit]

Cognate with ke.

Noun[edit]

食 (hiragana け, romaji ke)

  1. food

Noun[edit]

食 (hiragana し, romaji shi)

  1. food

Noun[edit]

食 (hiragana しょく, romaji shoku)

  1. a meal
  2. foodstuff
  3. an eclipse

Kanji[edit]

See also:
食

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to eat
  2. a meal
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Usage notes[edit]

When combining, appears in simplified form 飠, as in 飲, but in isolation is not simplified. Can also appear in alternative form as in 餡.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

食 (sik)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 식 (revised: sik, McCune-Reischauer: sik, Yale: sik)
  • Name (hangeul): 식()
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Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

食 (thực, tự)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.
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