馬

See also 马

Translingual

simplified	马
traditional	馬

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形); derived from the pictogram of a horse with its head turned to look back and showing a flowing mane in the wind. The four short strokes at its base (灬) represent its feet, and the sweeping hook stroke in the lower right represents its tail.

Compare also 鳥 (“bird”), whose current form is similar (graphically, 灬 for claws/legs).

Contrast with 鹿 (“deer”), which saw a very different development, and 𢊁 (“bison”) (as in 薦), which is a hybrid: it has the the legs of 馬 (灬) but the head of 鹿.

Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Clerical script	Semi-cursive script	Cursive script

Han character

馬 (radical 187 馬+0, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸手尸火 (SQSF), four-corner 7132₇)

1. horse
2. used as a surname
3. KangXi radical 187 馬

Derived terms

• 媽, 嗎, 闖, 罵, 螞, 碼, 瑪, 榪, 獁, 傌, 溤, 鐸, 遤, 鎷, 禡, 䣕, 㾺, 褭
• Index:Chinese radical/馬

References

• KangXi: page 1433, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44572
• Dae Jaweon: page 1956, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4539, character 1
• Unihan data for U+99AC

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Cantonese

Hanzi

馬 (simplified 马, jyutping maa5, Yale ma5)

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Japanese

Kanji

Japanese stroke order

馬 (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. horse

Readings

• Go'on: め (me)
• Kan'on: ば (ba)
• Kanyō'on: ま (ma)
• Kun: うま (uma)

Compounds

牛馬 (うしうま, ushi uma): oxen and horses 河馬 (かば, kaba): hippopotamus, a hippo, a sea cow 馬酔木 馬が合う 馬面 馬鹿 (ばか, baka): unintelligent and foolish; idiotic, stupid 馬鹿力 馬脚 馬具 馬券 馬耳東風 馬車 (ばしゃ, basha): horse-drawn carriage, wagon or cart

馬糧 (ばりょう, baryō): horse feed 馬車馬 馬術 (うまじゅつ, umajutsu): A horseback rider; an equestrian 馬上 (ばじょう, bajō): horseback riding 馬力: horsepower 馬鈴薯 (ばれいしょ, bareisho): potato (Solanum tuberosum) 馬簾 子馬 (こうま, kouma): a baby horse; a foal 馬子 (まご, mago): packhorse driver 馬手 木馬: a wooden horse 競馬 (けいば, keiba): horse race 弓馬: archery and horsemanship

Etymology 1

Noun

馬 (hiragana うま, romaji uma)

1. horse
2. (shogi) promoted bishop
3. sawhorse. A four-leg stand made by wood or iron for supporting some materials, such as a car body for car maintenance, or a piece of wood for sawing it.

Etymology 2

Noun

馬 (hiragana むま, romaji muma)

1. a horse
   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 20, poem #4372)

     阿志加良能 美佐可多麻波理 可閇理美須 阿例波久江由久 阿良志乎母 多志夜波婆可流 不破乃世伎 久江弖和波由久 牟麻能都米 都久志能佐伎尓 知麻利為弖 阿例波伊波々牟 母呂々々波 佐祁久等麻乎須 可閇利久麻弖尓

   • c. 935 Tosa Nikki

     ふぢはらのときざね、ふなぢなれど、むまのはなむけす。

   • c. 935 Tosa Nikki

     けふはあをむまをおもへど、かひなし。

References

• 1957, Suzuki, Tomotarō; Hisao Kaaguchi, Yoshimoto Endō, Kyōichi Nishishita, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 20: Tosa Nikki, Kagerō Nikki, Izumi Shikibu Nikki, Sarashina Nikki (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-060020-6:
• 2003 [c. 759], Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, Yoshiyuki Yamazaki, Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man'yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-240004-2:

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Korean

Hanja

馬
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 마 (revised: ma, McCune-Reischauer: ma, Yale: ma)

• Name (hangeul): 말, 성()

Compounds

• 馬車 (마차, macha): horse-drawn carriage
• 競馬 (경마, gyeongma): horserace

See also

• 말 (mal)

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Mandarin

Hanzi

馬 (simplified 马, pinyin mǎ (ma3), Wade-Giles ma³)

Compounds

• 馬馬虎虎 (mǎmǎhǔhǔ; 马马虎虎)
• 馬德里
• 馬拉松

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Min Nan

Hanzi

馬 (POJ bé,má)

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Vietnamese

Noun

馬 (mã, mứa, mựa, mở)

1. horse (large four-legged animal)