高山

Chinese

		high; tall	mountain; hill
simp. and trad. (高山)		高	山

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāoshān

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ ㄕㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹ saan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kô-sân
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko-san

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāoshān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄕㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gaoshan
    • Wade–Giles: kao¹-shan¹
    • Yale: gāu-shān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaushan
    • Palladius: гаошань (gaošanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gou¹ saan¹
    • Yale: gōu sāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹ saan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou¹ san¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kô-sân
    • Hakka Romanization System: go´ san´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: go¹ san¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-san
    • Tâi-lô: ko-san
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koisafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³ san³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kaw srean

Rime
Character	高	山
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	古勞切	所閒切
Baxter	kaw	srean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/	/ʃˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/	/ʃᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/	/ʃæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/	/ʂəɨn/
Li Rong	/kɑu/	/ʃɛn/
Wang Li	/kɑu/	/ʃæn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑu/	/ʂăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo	shān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou1	saan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤaw  s-ŋrar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːw  sreːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	高	山
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo	shān
Middle Chinese	‹ kaw ›	‹ srɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[k]ˁaw/	/*s-ŋrar/
English	high, tall	mountain, hill
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	高	山
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3726	11052
Phonetic component	高	山
Rime group	宵	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	髙	山
Old Chinese	/*kaːw/	/*sreːn/

Etymology 1

Noun

高山

1. high mountain

   我現在的住所唯有高山，不見大海。 [MSC, trad.]
   我现在的住所唯有高山，不见大海。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ xiànzài de zhùsuǒ wéiyǒu gāoshān, bù jiàn dàhǎi. [Pinyin]

   Where I live now there is no sea, but only high mountains.

   • 故不登高山，不知天之高也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Gù bù dēng gāoshān, bùzhī tiān zhī gāo yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (Hokkien) 懸山／悬山 (koân-soaⁿ, koâiⁿ-soaⁿ)

Derived terms

• 不登高山，不顯平地／不登高山，不显平地
• 流水高山
• 高山仰之
• 高山仰止 (gāoshānyǎngzhǐ)
• 高山安仰
• 高山峻嶺／高山峻岭
• 高山族 (Gāoshānzú)
• 高山景行
• 高山植物
• 高山流水 (gāoshānliúshuǐ)
• 高山症 (gāoshānzhèng)
• 高山病 (gāoshānbìng)
• 高山語／高山语
• 高山重嶂

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (高山):

• → Japanese: 高山(こうざん) (kōzan)
• → Korean: 고산(高山) (gosan)

Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高山(たかやま) (Takayama).

Proper noun

高山

1. (～市) Takayama (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
高	山
こう Grade: 2	さん > ざん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

高(こう)山(ざん) • (kōzan) 

1. high mountain

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
高	山
たか Grade: 2	やま Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Proper noun

高(たか)山(やま) • (Takayama) 

1. Takayama (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)
2. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
高	山
こう Grade: 2	やま Grade: 1
jūbakoyomi

Proper noun

高(こう)山(やま) • (Kōyama) 

1. a surname