鴻

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See also: 鸿
鴻 U+9D3B, 鴻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D3B
← 鴺
[U+9D3A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鴼 →
[U+9D3C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

鴻 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水一竹火 (EMHF) or 難水一竹火 (XEMHF), four-corner 37127, composition ⿰江鳥 or ⿰氵䲨)

  1. species of wild swan
  2. vast

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1488, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46874
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2019, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4632, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9D3B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鴻
simp. 鸿
alternative forms 𨾊
䲨／𬷾
𩾯／⿰氵鸟
𪀤
𪅯

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 鴻 鴻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 戸公切 胡孔切
Baxter huwng huwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuŋ/ /ɦuŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuŋ/ /ɦuŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəwŋ/ /ɦəwŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hóng hòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hung4 hung6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鴻
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ huwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁoŋ/
English kind of wild goose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鴻 鴻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4061 4062
Phonetic
component 		工 工
Rime
group 		東 東
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		洪 澒
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡoːŋ/ /*ɡoːŋʔ/

Definitions[edit]

鴻

  1. (literary) swan
  2. (literary) swan goose
  3. (literary, figuratively) letter; epistle; written message
  4. (literary) of great size; big; large; huge
  5. (literary) strong; powerful; energetic

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 大雁 (“swan goose”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 鴻雁, 鴻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雁, 大雁, 鴻雁
Mandarin Beijing 大雁
Tianjin 大雁
Chengde 大雁
Tangshan 大雁
Cangzhou 大雁
Baoding 大雁
Shijiazhuang 大雁
Chifeng 大雁
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 大雁
Heihe 大雁, 雁
Qiqihar 大雁
Harbin 大雁, 雁
Jiamusi 大雁
Baicheng 大雁
Changchun 大雁
Tonghua 大雁
Shenyang 大雁, 雁
Dandong 大雁, 雁
Jinzhou 大雁, 雁
Dalian 大雁
Yantai 大雁
Yantai (Muping) 老雁
Qingdao 雁
Lijin 大雁, 雁
Zhucheng 大雁
Jinan 大雁, 雁
Jining 大雁, 雁
Luoyang 大雁, 雁
Wanrong 雁
Shangqiu 大雁
Yuanyang 大雁, 雁
Zhengzhou 雁
Lingbao 雁
Xinyang 大雁
Baihe 大雁
Hanzhong 大雁, 雁
Xi'an 大雁
Baoji 大雁
Yinchuan 大雁, 雁
Tianshui 大雁
Lanzhou 雁
Dunhuang 咕嚕雁
Xining 咕嚕雁, 雁兒
Hami 雁
Ürümqi 大雁, 雁
Wuhan 大雁, 雁
Yichang 大雁, 雁
Xiangyang 大雁, 雁
Tianmen 大雁, 雁
Hong'an 雁鵝, 雁
Chengdu 大雁, 雁鵝
Nanchong 雁
Dazhou 雁鵝
Hanyuan 雁鵝
Xichang 雁鵝, 雁
Zigong 雁鵝
Chongqing 雁鵝
Guiyang 雁鵝, 大雁
Zunyi 雁鵝, 大雁
Bijie 雁鵝
Liping 大雁
Zhaotong 雁鵝
Dali 大雁
Kunming 大雁, 雁
Mengzi 大雁
Guilin 大雁, 雁鵝
Liuzhou 大雁
Jishou 大雁
Changde 雁鵝
Anqing 雁
Xuzhou 大雁
Fuyang 大雁, 雁
Wuhu 雁
Yangzhou 大雁
Lianyungang 大雁
Lianshui 雁
Nanjing 雁子, 大雁子, 大雁
Hefei 大雁
Nantong 雁
Mae Salong (Lancang) 大雁
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 大雁
Cantonese Hong Kong 雁
Dongguan 雁鵝, 雁
Beihai 雁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 大雁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 大雁
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 雁
Móng Cái 雁鵝
Gan Nanchang 雁鵝
Lichuan 雁
Pingxiang 雁鵝
Hakka Meixian 雁鵝
Yudu 雁鵝
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 雁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 雁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 雁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 雁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 雁
Huizhou Jixi 雁
Shexian 雁
Jin Taiyuan 大雁, 雁
Yangyuan 大雁, 雁
Datong 大雁, 雁
Xinzhou 雁兒
Lishi 雁
Linfen 大雁, 雁
Changzhi 大雁, 雁
Linhe 大雁
Jining 大雁
Hohhot 大雁, 雁
Erenhot 大雁
Pingshan 大雁, 雁
Zhangjiakou 大雁
Handan 大雁, 雁
Linzhou 大雁
Suide 雁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 雁
Southern Min Shantou 雁鵝
Leizhou 雁鳥, 鵠鶴
Haikou 雁鳥, 雁
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 雁
Wu Shanghai 大雁, 雁鵝
Danyang 雁
Hangzhou 雁鵝
Ningbo 雁鵝
Zhoushan 雁鵝
Xiang Changsha 雁子, 雁鵝
Loudi 雁, 雁阿
  • (letter):
  • (of great size): 大 (dà)
  • (strong): 強／强 (qiáng)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鴻

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. a large bird
  2. a wild goose
  3. large/great
  4. powerful
  5. prosperous

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Kanji in this term
鴻
ひしくい
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Noun[edit]

鴻(ひしくい) or 鴻(ヒシクイ) • (hishikui) ←ひしくひ (fisikufi) or ヒシクヒ (fisikufi)?

  1. Alternative spelling of 菱食 (“taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis)”)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

鴻 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

鴻: Hán Nôm readings: hồng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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