가엾다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the 經世指掌 / 경세지장, 1765, as Early Modern Korean ᄀᆞ이업다 (Yale: ko-i epta). From 가 (ga, “end”) + 이 (-i, subject marker) + 없다 (eopda, “to not exist”), originally meaning "to be endless", but no longer perceived as such.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈka̠(ː)jʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)엽따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gayeopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gayeobsda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kayŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | kā.yepsta |
Adjective[edit]
가엾다 • (gayeopda) (infinitive 가엾어, sequential 가엾으니)
- to be pitiful
Conjugation[edit]
Selected forms of the adjective 가엾다 (gayeopda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 가엾다 gayeopda |
가엾어 gayeopseo |
가엾어요 gayeopseoyo |
가엾습니다 gayeopseumnida |
| Past | 가엾었다 gayeopseotda |
가엾었어 gayeopseosseo |
가엾었어요 gayeopseosseoyo |
가엾었습니다 gayeopseotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 가엾으냐 gayeopseunya |
가엾어 gayeopseo |
가엾어요 gayeopseoyo |
가엾습니까 gayeopseumnikka |
| Past | 가엾었냐 gayeopseonnya |
가엾었어 gayeopseosseo |
가엾었어요 gayeopseosseoyo |
가엾었습니까 gayeopseotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 가엾겠다 gayeopgetda |
가엾겠어 gayeopgesseo |
가엾겠어요 gayeopgesseoyo |
가엾겠습니다 gayeopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 가엾어 gayeopseo |
가엾어서 gayeopseoseo |
가엾으니 gayeopseuni |
가엾으니까 gayeopseunikka | |
| Contrast | 가엾지만 gayeopjiman |
가엾은데 gayeopseunde |
가엾더니 gayeopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 가엾고 gayeopgo |
||||
| Condition | 가엾으면 gayeopseumyeon |
가엾어야 gayeopseoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 가엾음 gayeopseum |
가엾기 gayeopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 가엾었음 gayeopseosseum |
가엾었기 gayeopseotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 가엾은 gayeopseun | |||
| Future | 가엾을 gayeopseul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 가엾으시다 gayeopseusida |
가엾으셔 gayeopseusyeo |
가엾으세요, 가엾으셔요 gayeopseuseyo, gayeopseusyeoyo |
가엾으십니다 gayeopseusimnida |
| Past | 가엾으셨다 gayeopseusyeotda |
가엾으셨어 gayeopseusyeosseo |
가엾으셨어요 gayeopseusyeosseoyo |
가엾으셨습니다 gayeopseusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 가엾으시냐 gayeopseusinya |
가엾으셔 gayeopseusyeo |
가엾으세요, 가엾으셔요 gayeopseuseyo, gayeopseusyeoyo |
가엾으십니까 gayeopseusimnikka |
| Past | 가엾으셨냐 gayeopseusyeonnya |
가엾으셨어 gayeopseusyeosseo |
가엾으셨어요 gayeopseusyeosseoyo |
가엾으셨습니까 gayeopseusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 가엾으시겠다 gayeopseusigetda |
가엾으시겠어 gayeopseusigesseo |
가엾으시겠어요 gayeopseusigesseoyo |
가엾으시겠습니다 gayeopseusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 가엾으셔 gayeopseusyeo |
가엾으셔서 gayeopseusyeoseo |
가엾으시니 gayeopseusini |
가엾으시니까 gayeopseusinikka | |
| Contrast | 가엾으시지만 gayeopseusijiman |
가엾으신데 gayeopseusinde |
가엾으시더니 gayeopseusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 가엾으시고 gayeopseusigo |
||||
| Condition | 가엾으시면 gayeopseusimyeon |
가엾으셔야 gayeopseusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 가엾으심 gayeopseusim |
가엾으시기 gayeopseusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 가엾으셨음 gayeopseusyeosseum |
가엾으셨기 gayeopseusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 가엾으신 gayeopseusin | |||
| Future | 가엾으실 gayeopseusil | ||||