문화

Korean

Etymology

Sino-Korean word from 文化 (“culture”), from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 文化 (bunka).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [munβwa̠]

  • (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [문화]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	munhwa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	munhwa
McCune–Reischauer?	munhwa
Yale Romanization?	mun.hwa

South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 문화의 / 문화에 / 문화까지

Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the second syllable, except before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes, when it takes full low pitch.

Noun

문화 • (munhwa) (hanja 文化)

1. culture
2. civilization

   Synonym: 문명(文明) (munmyeong)

Derived terms

• 다문화 (多文化, damunhwa)
• 문화어 (文化語, munhwa'eo, “North Korean standard dialect”)
• 문화주택 (文化住宅, munhwajutaek, “apartment”) (chiefly North Korea)