읽다

Korean

Pronunciation

• IPA: [ik̚ta], X-SAMPA: /ik_}?ta/

Verb

읽다 (ilda, ilkda) 

1. to read

Usage notes

As with other instances of final ㄺ, the pronunciation of the verb stem 읽 (ik) changes when it is conjugated with an ending that begins with the initial ㄱ (g):

• 읽다 (ikda, IPA: [ik̚ta], "to read")
• 읽고있다 (ilgoitda, IPA: [ilkoit̚ta], "to be reading")

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 읽다 (ikda)

Sentence-final forms
	Formal non polite (해라체)	Informal non polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
indicative	읽는다 (ingneunda) past: 읽었다 (ilgeotda)	읽어 (ilgeo) past: 읽었어 (ilgeosseo)	읽어요 (ilgeoyo) past: 읽었어요 (ilgeosseoyo)	읽습니다 (ikseumnida) past: 읽었습니다 (ilgeotseumnida)
interrogative	읽느냐 (ingneunya) past: 읽었느냐 (ilgeonneunya)	읽어 (ilgeo) past: 읽었어 (ilgeosseo)	읽어요 (ilgeoyo) past: 읽었어요 (ilgeosseoyo)	읽습니까 (ikseumnikka) past: 읽었습니까 (ilgeotseumnikka)
hortative	읽자 (ikja)	읽어 (ilgeo)	읽어요 (ilgeoyo)	읽읍시다 (ilgeupsida)
imperative	읽어라 (ilgeora)	읽어 (ilgeo)	읽어요 (ilgeoyo)	읽읍시오 (ilgeupsio)
assertive	읽겠다 (ikgetda)	읽겠어 (ikgesseo)	읽겠어요 (ikgesseoyo)	읽겠습니다 (ikgetseumnida)
Connective forms
cause or reason	읽어 (ilgeo)	읽어서 (ilgeoseo)	읽으니 (ilgeuni)	읽으니까 (ilgeunikka)
contrast	읽지만 (ikjiman)	읽는데 (ingneunde)	읽더니 (ikdeoni)	conjunction 읽고 (ikgo)
condition	읽으면 (ilgeumyeon)	읽어야 (ilgeoya)		motive 읽으려고 (ilgeuryeogo)
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		읽음 (ilgeum)	읽기 (ikgi)
Past-tense verbal nouns		읽었음 (ilgeosseum)	읽었기 (ilgeotgi)
Determiners		past 읽은 (ilgeun)	present 읽는 (ingneun)	future 읽을 (ilgeul)

Sentence-final forms with honorific
	Formal non polite (해라체)	Informal non polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
indicative	읽으신다 (ilgeusinda) past: 읽으셨다 (ilgeusyeotda)	읽으셔 (ilgeusyeo) past: 읽으셨어 (ilgeusyeosseo)	읽으세요 (ilgeuseyo) or 읽으셔요 (ilgeusyeoyo) past: 읽으셨어요 (ilgeusyeosseoyo)	읽으십니다 (ilgeusimnida) past: 읽으셨습니다 (ilgeusyeotseumnida)
interrogative	읽으시느냐 (ilgeusineunya) past: 읽으셨느냐 (ilgeusyeonneunya)	읽으셔 (ilgeusyeo) past: 읽으셨어 (ilgeusyeosseo)	읽으세요 (ilgeuseyo) or 읽으셔요 (ilgeusyeoyo) past: 읽으셨어요 (ilgeusyeosseoyo)	읽으십니까 (ilgeusimnikka) past: 읽으셨습니까 (ilgeusyeotseumnikka)
imperative	읽으시라 (ilgeusira)	읽으셔 (ilgeusyeo)	읽으세요 (ilgeuseyo) or 읽으셔요 (ilgeusyeoyo)	읽으십시오 (ilgeusipsio)
assertive	읽으시겠다 (ilgeusigetda)	읽으시겠어 (ilgeusigesseo)	읽으시겠어요 (ilgeusigesseoyo)	읽으시겠습니다 (ilgeusigetseumnida)
Connective forms with honorific
cause or reason	읽으셔 (ilgeusyeo)	읽으셔서 (ilgeusyeoseo)	읽으시니 (ilgeusini)	읽으시니까 (ilgeusinikka)
contrast	읽으시지만 (ilgeusijiman)	읽으시는데 (ilgeusineunde)	읽으시더니 (ilgeusideoni)	conjunction 읽으시고 (ilgeusigo)
condition	읽으시면 (ilgeusimyeon)	읽으셔야 (ilgeusyeoya)		motive 읽으시려고 (ilgeusiryeogo)
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		읽으심 (ilgeusim)	읽으시기 (ilgeusigi)
Past-tense verbal nouns		읽으셨음 (ilgeusyeosseum)	읽으셨기 (ilgeusyeotgi)
Determiners		past 읽으신 (ilgeusin)	present 읽으시는 (ilgeusineun)	future 읽으실 (ilgeusil)

Related terms

• 읽기 (ilgi)
• 읽혀지다 (ilkyeojida)
• 읽히다 (ilkida, “to cause to read”)