-ódik
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in 1416. According to the most accepted view, its origin is the same as the -odik/-edik/-ödik suffix group with a lengthened initial vowel.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ódik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a new reflexive or passive intransitive verb.
Usage notes[edit]
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ódik is added to back vowel words
- -ődik is added to front vowel words
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of -ódik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -ódom or -ódok |
-ódsz | -ódik | -ódunk | -ódtok | -ódnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -ódtam | -ódtál | -ódott | -ódtunk | -ódtatok | -ódtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -ódni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -ódék or -ódám |
-ódál | -óda or -ódék |
-ódánk | -ódátok | -ódának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -ódik vala, -ódott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -ódandok (or -ódandom) |
-ódandasz (or -ódandol) |
-ódand (or -ódandik*) |
-ódandunk | -ódandotok | -ódandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -ódnék (or -ódnám) |
-ódnál | -ódna (or -ódnék*) |
-ódnánk | -ódnátok | -ódnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ódott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -ódjak or -ódjam |
-ódj or -ódjál |
-ódjon or -ódjék |
-ódjunk | -ódjatok | -ódjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ódott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -ódni | -ódnom | -ódnod | -ódnia | -ódnunk | -ódnotok | -ódniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -ódás | -ódó | -ódott | ― | -ódva (-ódván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -ódik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -ódhatok (or -ódhatom) |
-ódhatsz (or -ódhatol) |
-ódhat (or -ódhatik) |
-ódhatunk | -ódhattok | -ódhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -ódhattam | -ódhattál | -ódhatott | -ódhattunk | -ódhattatok | -ódhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -ódhaték or -ódhatám |
-ódhatál | -ódhata or -ódhaték |
-ódhatánk | -ódhatátok | -ódhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -ódhat vala, -ódhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -ódhatandok or -ódandhatok (or -ódhatandom or -ódandhatom) |
-ódhatandasz or -ódandhatsz (or -ódhatandol or -ódandhatol) |
-ódhatand or -ódandhat (or -ódhatandik or -ódandhatik*) |
-ódhatandunk or -ódandhatunk |
-ódhatandotok or -ódandhattok |
-ódhatandanak or -ódandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -ódhatnék (or -ódhatnám) |
-ódhatnál | -ódhatna (or -ódhatnék*) |
-ódhatnánk | -ódhatnátok | -ódhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ódhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -ódhassak (or -ódhassam) |
-ódhass or -ódhassál |
-ódhasson (or -ódhassék) |
-ódhassunk | -ódhassatok | -ódhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ódhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-ódhatni) | (-ódhatnom) | (-ódhatnod) | (-ódhatnia) | (-ódhatnunk) | (-ódhatnotok) | (-ódhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-ódhatva / -ódhatván) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ -ódik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)