-ez

Breton

Suffix

-ez

1. -ess, suffix forming the feminine of a noun

e.g. kazh (tomcat) → kazhez (female cat)

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French

Suffix

-ez

1. suffix forming the formal second-person singular or second-person plural (vous) present indicative of an -er verb.
2. suffix forming the second-person plural imperative.

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Hungarian

Etymology

-e- (“linking vowel”) + -z (“verbal suffix”)

Suffix

-ez

1. Added to a noun to form a verb.

   hely (“place”) → helyez (“to place”)

Usage notes

• (verbal suffix): Member of the following suffix cluster.

  -z is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -oz is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -az is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ez is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öz is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -áz is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

See also

• Category:Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ez
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Ido

Suffix

-ez

1. suffix forming the imperative

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Romanian

Etymology 1

From French -ais, Italian -ese, from Latin -ensis.

Suffix

-ez

1. Forms nouns and adjectives of nationality:

-ish, -an

• Examples:

englez, olandez, francez, etc.

Related terms

• -eză

Etymology 2

Probably from a Vulgar Latin *-idiō or *-izō, form of the suffix *-idiāre or -izāre, ultimately from Ancient Greek -ιζειν (-izein), but used as an infix in Romanian conjugated forms of verbs (similarly to how Spanish and Portuguese use the unrelated -ecer from Latin -escere, from -escō (as in parecer, padecer, merecer, etc)). The suffix does not appear in the infinitive form in Romanian, however. The Latin *-idiāre or -izāre may have also led to -eggiare in Italian, -ear in Spanish and Portuguese, and -oyer in French.

Suffix

-ez

1. used with a stem to form the first-person singular present of some -a (first conjugation) verbs. E.g. lucrez from lucra, durez from dura, frânez from frâna, vânez from vâna.

Related terms

• -ezi
• -ează

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Spanish

Etymology 1

From the Latin genitive suffix -is of the third declension (Appendix:Latin third declension), originating as a calque of surname-formation conventions of the Visigoths.

Suffix

-ez

1. suffix forming many Spanish surnames: Cortez, Enríquez, Godínez, Gómez, Gutiérrez, Hernández, Ibáñez, López, Ordóñez, Pérez, Ramírez, Rodríguez, Sánchez.

Usage notes

Spanish patronymics are often formed by substituting "-ez" for a final "o" in the first name of the father of the person whose surname is so formed. Thus, the son of Hernando becomes Hernández, the son of Rodrigo becomes Rodríguez, and the son of Sancho becomes Sánchez. Note that since when written without an accent mark, words ending in -z are final-syllable stressed and words ending in -o are not, this means that most often an accent mark has to be added after adding this suffix to retain the stressed syllable of the original word.

For some Spanish patronymics, the suffix is not -ez but -iz or -oz, as in Ortiz, Muñiz, Muñoz.

Etymology 2

From French -esse or ultimately from a form of Latin -itia, perhaps *-itie (cf. -eza). Compare Portuguese -ice.

Suffix

-ez

1. Suffix forming feminine nouns from nouns and adjectives denoting "state of" (i.e., -hood, -ness):

niñez, vejez, estupidez, gigantez

See also

• -eza