-ilis

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See also: ilis

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (-le, adjective-forming suffix).

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ilis (neuter -ile, comparative -ilior, superlative -illimus or -ilissimus); third-declension two-termination suffix

  1. -ile; used to form an adjective noun of relation, frequently passive, to the verb or root.
    agō (to act) + ‎-ilis → ‎agilis (that may be acted)
    frangō (to break) + ‎-ilis → ‎fragilis (that may be broken)
  2. and sometimes to the perf. pass. part. stem:
    sedeō (to sit) + ‎-ilis → ‎sessilis (of sitting)
    pendeō (to hang) + ‎-ilis → ‎pensilis (hanging)
    flectō (to ply) + ‎-ilis → ‎flexilis (pliable)
Declension[edit]

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative -ilis -ile -ilēs -ilia
Genitive -ilis -ilium
Dative -ilī -ilibus
Accusative -ilem -ile -ilēs
-ilīs
-ilia
Ablative -ilī -ilibus
Vocative -ilis -ile -ilēs -ilia
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Aromanian: -ilji
  • Catalan: -il
  • English: -ile
  • French: -ile
  • Italian: -ile
  • Portuguese: -il
  • Romanian: -il, -ie
  • Sicilian: -ili
  • Spanish: -il

Etymology 2[edit]

Originally from the above -ilis added to i stems, later used freely (especially on r stems).

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-īlis (neuter -īle); third-declension two-termination suffix

  1. -ile; used to form an adjective noun, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.
    aedis (building) + ‎-ilis → ‎aedīlis (of buildings) (attested as substantive)
    hostis (enemy) + ‎-ilis → ‎hostīlis (of the enemy, unfriendly, hostile)
    puer (boy) + ‎-ilis → ‎puerīlis (of boys, boyish, immature)
    erus (master) + ‎-ilis → ‎erīlis (of the master)
Declension[edit]

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative -īlis -īle -īlēs -īlia
Genitive -īlis -īlium
Dative -īlī -īlibus
Accusative -īlem -īle -īlēs
-īlīs
-īlia
Ablative -īlī -īlibus
Vocative -īlis -īle -īlēs -īlia

See also[edit]