-kki

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-kkëi, cognate with Estonian -k(i), Erzya -ке (-ke). Equivalent to -kka +‎ -i, and originally allomorphic with some uses of -kko (see -o).

Suffix

-kki

1. Creates action nouns from verbs.

   ‎levitä (“to spread”) + ‎-kki → ‎levikki (“circulation of a newspaper”)

   ‎mennä (kaupaksi) (“to sell”) + ‎-kki → ‎menekki (“sales, demand”)

   ‎hävitä (“to disappear. lose”) + ‎-kki → ‎hävikki (“loss (accounting)”)

2. Creates diminutive nouns from verb that indicate the object of an action.

   ‎ajaa (“to drive”) + ‎-kki → ‎ajokki (“vehicle”)

   ‎hoitaa (“to care”) + ‎-kki → ‎hoidokki (“patient”)

   ‎lempiä (“to love”) + ‎-kki → ‎lemmikki (“pet”)

3. Creates nouns that indicate similarity, allegory or diminutiveness. The relationship is sometimes obscure.

   ‎valo (“light”) + ‎-kki → ‎valokki

   ‎hanhi (“goose”) + ‎-kki → ‎hanhikki

   ‎punainen (“red”) + ‎-kki → ‎punikki (“socialist (derogatory)”)

   ‎seitti (“gossamer, fine thread”) + ‎-kki → ‎seitikki (“webcap”)

   ‎tyrä + ‎-kki → ‎tyräkki

4. Creates female given names, especially for cows.

   ‎ainoa (“only”) + ‎-kki → ‎Ainokki

   ‎mieliä (“to desire”) + ‎-kki → ‎Mielikki

   ‎musta (“black”) + ‎-kki → ‎Mustikki

   ‎sarvi (“horn”) + ‎-kki → ‎Sarvikki

   ‎tuuli (“wind”) + ‎-kki → ‎Tuulikki

Usage notes

In some cases the usage is largely synonymous with -kko. As an example, the noun asukki (“inhabitant, often unwanted or temporary one”) from the verb asua (“to live in”) might as well be asukko.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -kki

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-kkëi. Cognates include Finnish -kki and Estonian -k.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-kːi/, [-kːi]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-kːi/, [-kːi]

Suffix

-kki

1. Used to form nouns from verbs denoting an object of the action.

   ‎söövvä (“eat”) + ‎-kki → ‎söökki (“nutrition”)

2. Used to form given names, especially for cows.

Declension

Declension of -kki (type 5/vahti, kk-k gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-kki	-kit
genitive	-kin	-kkiin, -kkilöin
partitive	-kkiä	-kkijä, -kkilöjä
illative	-kkii	-kkii, -kkilöihe
inessive	-kis	-kkiis, -kkilöis
elative	-kist	-kkiist, -kkilöist
allative	-kille	-kkiille, -kkilöille
adessive	-kil	-kkiil, -kkilöil
ablative	-kilt	-kkiilt, -kkilöilt
translative	-kiks	-kkiiks, -kkilöiks
essive	-kkinnä, -kkiin	-kkiinnä, -kkilöinnä, -kkiin, -kkilöin
exessive1)	-kkint	-kkiint, -kkilöint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -kki

Sidamo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-kːi/

Determiner

-kki

1. thy, your

See also

Sidamo possessive clitics

	1st person	2nd person	3rd person m	3rd person f
Singular	-ʼya	-kki	-si	-se
Plural	-nke	-ʼne	-nsa

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383