-sul

See also: sul, Sul, súl, sùl, sül, sůl, and -sül

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		-сул
Abjad		-سول

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (yoksul), which is, according to Clauson, a corruption of the suffix -siz (“without”) in the earlier yoksuz, which was displaced by yoksul in several Turkic languages.

Suffix

-sul

1. non-productive adjective-deriving suffix

   ‎yox (“nothing; there is not”) + ‎-sul → ‎yoxsul (“poor, impoverished”)

Hungarian

Etymology

From -s (adjective-forming suffix) +‎ -ul (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃul]

Suffix

-sul

1. (verb-forming suffix) Forms an intransitive verb similarly to the suffix -ul. Nouns and adjectives ending in ó/ő, ú/ű use it frequently.

   ‎állandó (“permanent”) + ‎-sul → ‎állandósul (“to become permanent”)

Usage notes

• (verb-forming suffix) Variants:

  -sul is added to back-vowel words

  -sül is added to front-vowel words

Conjugation

conjugation of -sul

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-sulok	-sulsz	-sul	-sulunk	-sultok	-sulnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	-sultam	-sultál	-sult	-sultunk	-sultatok	-sultak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -sulni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	-sulék	-sulál	-sula	-sulánk	-sulátok	-sulának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -sul vala, -sult vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	-sulandok	-sulandasz	-suland	-sulandunk	-sulandotok	-sulandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-sulnék	-sulnál	-sulna	-sulnánk	-sulnátok	-sulnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -sult volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-suljak	-sulj or -suljál	-suljon	-suljunk	-suljatok	-suljanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -sult légyen
Infinitive	-sulni		-sulnom	-sulnod	-sulnia	-sulnunk	-sulnotok	-sulniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	-sulás		-suló	-sult	―	-sulva (-sulván)

potential conjugation of -sul

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-sulhatok	-sulhatsz	-sulhat	-sulhatunk	-sulhattok	-sulhatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	-sulhattam	-sulhattál	-sulhatott	-sulhattunk	-sulhattatok	-sulhattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	-sulhaték	-sulhatál	-sulhata	-sulhatánk	-sulhatátok	-sulhatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -sulhat vala, -sulhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	-sulhatandok or -sulandhatok	-sulhatandasz or -sulandhatsz	-sulhatand or -sulandhat	-sulhatandunk or -sulandhatunk	-sulhatandotok or -sulandhattok	-sulhatandanak or -sulandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-sulhatnék	-sulhatnál	-sulhatna	-sulhatnánk	-sulhatnátok	-sulhatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -sulhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	-sulhassak	-sulhass or -sulhassál	-sulhasson	-sulhassunk	-sulhassatok	-sulhassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -sulhatott légyen
Inf.	(-sulhatni)		(-sulhatnom)	(-sulhatnod)	(-sulhatnia)	(-sulhatnunk)	(-sulhatnotok)	(-sulhatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(-sulhatva / -sulhatván)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -sul

See also

• -sít
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Turkish

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (yoksul), which is, according to Clauson, a corruption of the suffix -siz (“without”) in the earlier yoksuz, which was displaced by yoksul in several Turkic languages.

The word "varsıl", meaning "rich", is the only word that also is using this suffix.

Suffix

-sul

1. adjective-deriving suffix

   ‎yok (“nothing; there is not”) + ‎-sul → ‎yoksul (“poor, impoverished”)

   ‎var (“there is”) + ‎-sul → ‎varsıl (“rich, affluent”)

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -sul