-um-

See also Appendix:Variations of "um"

Esperanto

Suffix

-um-

1. related in an unspecific way. A lexical suffix with no fixed meaning or part of speech.

   brako (“arm”) → brakumi (“to hug”)

   dekstra (“right”) → dekstruma (“clockwise”)

   komuna (“common”) → komunumo (“community”)

   mondo (“world”) → mondumo (“high society”)

   proksima (“near”) → proksimume (“approximately”)

   kruco (“cross”) → krucumi (“crucify”)

   kolo (“neck”) → kolumo (“collar”)

Usage notes

Because meanings of words derived with this suffix cannot be predicted, each derivation requires a separate dictionary entry. The part of speech is specific to each coining, and not inherent in either the suffix or the stem to which it is attached.

Among other uses:

• With body parts, -um- may signify a related piece of clothing: kolumo, manumo, plandumo, nazumo, hufumo. Or it may signify an action using that body part: brakumi, palpebrumi, okulumi.

• With things used to kill people, -um- may signify a method of execution: gasumi, ŝtonumi, krucumi.

• With numbers, -um- may signify a numeric base: duuma, okuma, dekuma.

Derived terms

[+] Esperanto words suffixed with -um-