Appendix:Afro-Asiatic Swadesh lists
Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary
Note on Romanization
- a, e, i, o and u stand for the vowels of respectively hat IPA: [a], get IPA: [ɛ], heat IPA: [i], hot IPA: [ɔ] and fool IPA: [u] in British English.
- â, é, ó stand for the vowels of respectively father IPA: [ɑ], day IPA: [e] and core IPA: [ɒ]. (Note to editors: these symbols, rather than the symbols with macrons, should be used for Hebrew and Syriac.)
- ā, ē, ī, ō and ū stand for the same vowels as without the accent, but pronounced longer. IPA: [aː], IPA: [ɛː], IPA: [iː], IPA: [ɔː], IPA: [uː]
- b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y and z stand for their equivalents in English.
- θ stands for the th of English thick. IPA: [θ]
- ð stands for the th of English this. IPA: [ð]
- j stands for the j of English job. IPA: [ʤ]
- g stands for the g of English good. IPA: [ɡ]
- x stands for the sound of German ch in Ach! or j in Spanish jota. IPA: [x]
- ğ stands for the voiced counterpart of x, pretty much as Spanish intervocalic g. IPA: [ɣ]
- š stands for the sh of English ship. IPA: [ʃ]
- ħ stands for the typical rough h sound of Semitic languages. IPA: [ħ]
- 3 stands for the voiced counterpart of ħ. IPA: [ʕ]
- 2 stands for the glottal stop of cockney English bo22le. IPA: [ʔ]
- q stands for a k sound produced from the back of the mouth. IPA: [q]
- ṭ, ṣ, ḍ and ð̣ stand for the sounds derived from t, s, d and ð, These are called the pharyngealized, emphatic, or velarized sounds. They affect the sound of the consonants and vowels that follow or proceed; they are made by constricting the pharynx during the articulation of the sound. IPA: [tˤ], IPA: [sˤ], IPA: [dˤ], IPA: [ðˤ]
Since this page is devoted mostly to ancient languages, the Hebrew romanization has been chosen to correspond to the pronunciation of Tiberian Hebrew rather than to modern Israeli Hebrew. This means that the following developements are not to be taken into account:
- ħ and x merger into x, w and v merger into v, q and k merger into k, t and ṭ merger into t, 3 and 2 merger into a glottal stop (2), along with the affricate pronunciation of emphatic ṣ.
| No | English | Arabic Script | Romanized Arabic |
Hebrew Script | Romanized Hebrew |
Syriac Script | Romanized Syriac | Romanized Akkadian | Ge'ez Script | Romanized Ge'ez |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | أنا | 2ána | אני, אנכי | 2ani, 2ânóxi | ܐܢܐ | 2enā | anāku | አነ | 2ana |
| 2 | you, thou | أنت ,أنت | 2ínta m., 2ínti f. | אתה, את | 2attâ m., 2att(i) f. | ܐܢܬ, ܐܢܬܝ | 2att(a) m., 2att(i) f. | atta m., atti f. | አንተ, አንቲ | 2anta m., 2anti f. |
| 3 | he | هو | húwa | הוא | hu | ܗܘ | hu | šū | ዌኤቱ | we'etu |
| 4 | we | نحن | náħnu | אנחנו | 2anaħnu | ܚܢܢ | ħnan | nīnu | ኔሕነ | neħna |
| 5 | you | انتم انتن انتما | 2ántum m., 2antunna f., 2antumā (m/f dual.) | אתם, אתן | 2attem m., 2atten f. | ܐܬܘܢ, ܐܬܝܢ | 2attōn m., 2attēn f. | attunu m., attina f. | አንቴሙ, አንቴን | 2antemu m., 2anten f. |
| 6 | they | هم, هن, هما | hum m., húnna f., humā (m/f dual.) | הם, הן | hém m., hén f. | [[]] | hennōn m., hennēn f. | [[šunu m., šina f. | ኤሙንቱ, ኤማንቱ | 2emuntu m., 2emāntu f. |
| 7 | this | هذا, هذﻩ,ﻫﺬﻯ | hāðā m., hāðihi f., hāðī f. | זה ,זו, זאת | ze m., zó, zóθ f. | [[]] | hānā m., hādēf. | annû | ዜ-, ዜንቱ, ዛቲ | ze-, zentu m., zāti f. |
| 8 | that | ذلك, ﺫﺍﻙ, تلك, تاك | ðālika, ðāka m., tílka, tāka f., | ההוא, ההיא | hahu m., hahi f. | [[]] | hāw m., hāy f. | šū, ullû | [[]] | |
| 9 | here | هنا | hunā | הנה ,פה | pó, hinné | [[]] | hārkā | annânu | [[]] | |
| 10 | there | هناك, هنالك | hunāka, hunālika | שם | šâm | [[]] | tammân | [[]] | ሄየ | heya |
| 11 | who | من | man | מי | mi | [[]] | man | mannu | መንኑ | mannu |
| 12 | what | ما, ماذا | mā, māðā | מה | ma | [[]] | mā, mānā | mīnu | [[]] | |
| 13 | where | اين | 2áyna | איפה, אנה | 2éfo (where is), ânâ (where to) | [[]] | 2aykā | [[]] | አይቴ | 2ayte |
| 14 | when | متى | matā | מתי | mâθay | [[]] | emat(i) | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 15 | how | كيف | káyfa | איך | éx | [[]] | 2aykan | ana mīni, ammīni | [[]] | |
| 16 | not | ما, لا, لم | mā (past), lā (present), lam (perfect) | לא, אל | ló, al | ܠܐ | lâ | ul, lā | [[]] | |
| 17 | all | كل | kull | כל | kól | ܟܠ | kóll | kalû | ሉ | kwulu |
| 18 | many | كثير | kaθīr | הרבה | harbé | ܣܓܝ | saggi | mādu | [[]] | |
| 19 | some | بعض | ba3ḍ | כמה | kammâ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 20 | few | قليل | qalīl | מעט | m'3aṭ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 21 | other | آخر, اخرى, اخر | āxar m., 2úxrā f., 2úxar pl. | אחר, אחרת, אחרים, אחרות | 2aħér m., 2aħeret f., 2aħérim m. pl., 2aħéróθ f. pl. | [[]] | [[]] | šanû | [[]] | |
| 22 | one | واحد, واحدة | wāħid m., wáħda f. | אחד, אחת | 2eħâd m., 2eħâθ f. | ܚܕ | ħad | ištēn m., ištēt f. | [[]] | |
| 23 | two | اثنان, اثنين, اثنتان, اثنتين | 2iθnān, 2iθnáyn m., 2iθnatān, 2iθnatáyn f. | שנים, שתים | š'nayim m., š'tayim f. | ܬܪܝܢ, ܬܪܬܝܢ | trén m., tartén f. | šinā m., šittā f. | [[]] | |
| 24 | three | ثلاثة, ثلاث | θalāθa m., θalāθ f. | שלשה, שלש | š'lóšâ m., šâlóš f. | ܬܠܬܐ, ܬܠܬ | tlâta m., tlât f. | šalāš m., šalāšat f. | [[]] | |
| 25 | four | أربعة, اربع | 2árba3a m., 2árba3 f. | ארבעה, ארבע | 2arbâ3â m., 2arba3 f. | ܐܪܒܥܐ, ܐܪܒܥ | 2arb3a m., 2arba3 f. | erbe m., erbet f. | [[]] | |
| 26 | five | خمسة, خمس | xámsa m., xams f. | חמשה, חמש | ħamiššâ m., ħâméš f. | ܚܡܫܐ, ܚܡܫ | ħammša m., ħammeš f. | xamiš m., xamšat f. | [[]] | |
| 27 | big | كَبِير | kabīr | גדול | gâðól | [[]] | [[]] | rabûm | ዐቢይ | 3abiy |
| 28 | long | طويل | ṭawīl | אָרֹךְ | âróx | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 29 | wide | واسع | wāsiʕ | רחב | râħâv | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ርሒብ | rəħib |
| 30 | thick | سميك | samīk | עב | 3âv | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ገዚፍ | gazif |
| 31 | heavy | ثقيل | θaqīl | כבד | kâvéð | [[]] | [[]] | kabtu | [[]] | |
| 32 | small | صغير | ṣağīr | קטן | qâṭân | ܙܥܘܪ | z3ōr | ṭexru | [[]] | |
| 33 | short | قصير | qaṣīr | קצר | qâṣâr | [[]] | [[]] | karû | [[]] | |
| 34 | narrow | ضيق | ḍáyyiq | צר, דק | ṣâr, daq | [[]] | [[]] | qatnu | [[]] | |
| 35 | thin | رقيق | raqīq | רזה | râze | [[]] | [[]] | qatnu | ቀጢን | qaṭin |
| 36 | woman | امرأة | 2imrá2a | אשה | 2iššâ | ܐܬܬܐ | 2atteta | sinništu | ብእሲት | bə2əsit |
| 37 | man (adult male) |
رجل | rájul | איש | 2iš | ܓܒܪ | gbar | zikaru | ብእሲ | bə2əsi |
| 38 | man (human being) |
انسان | 2insān | אדם | 2âðâm | [[]] | [[]] | awīlu | ሰብእ | sabə2 |
| 39 | child | طفل | ṭifl | ילד | yeleð | [[]] | ṭalī | ṣexru, māru | ሕጻን | ħəṣān |
| 40 | wife | زوجة | záwja | אשה | 2iššâ | ܐܬܬܐ | 2atteta | aššatu | ብእሲት | bə2əsit |
| 41 | husband | زوج | zawj | בעל | ba3al | [[]] | [[]] | mutu | ምት | mət |
| 42 | mother | أم | 2umm | אם | 2ém | ܐܡ | 2emm | ummu | እምም | 2əmm |
| 43 | father | أب | 2ab | אב | 2âv | ܐܒ | 2abb | abu | አብብ | 2abb |
| 44 | animal | حيوان | ħayawān | חיה | ħayyâ | [[]] | ħayū | [[]] | እንስሳ | 2ənsəsā |
| 45 | fish | سمكة | sámaka | דג | dâğ | [[]] | nūna | nūnu | ዓሻ | 3āšā |
| 46 | bird | طير عصفور | ṭayr, 3aṣfūr | צפור, עוף | ṣippór, 3óf | [[]] | [[]] | iṣṣūru | ዖፍ | 3of |
| 47 | dog | كلب | kalb | כלב | kelev | ܟܠܒ | kleb | kalbu | ከልብ | kalb |
| 48 | louse | قملة | qámla | כנה | kinnâ | [[]] | [[]] | uplu | ቍማል | qwəmāl |
| 49 | snake | ثعبان | θu3bān | נחש | nâħâš | [[]] | [[]] | ṣēru | [[]] | |
| 50 | worm | دودة | dūda | תולעת | tóla3at | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 51 | tree | شجرة | šájara | עץ | 3éṣ | ܐܝܠܢ | 2ilân | iṣu | ዕጽ | 3əṣ |
| 52 | forest | غابة | ğāba | יער | ya3ar | [[]] | ħors | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 53 | stick | عصا | 3aṣā | מקל | maqqél | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 54 | fruit | فاكهة | fākiha | פרי | p'ri | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ፍሬ | fəré |
| 55 | seed | بذرة | báðra | זרע | zera3 | [[]] | [[]] | zēru | ዘርአ | zar2a |
| 56 | leaf | ورقة | wáraqa | עלה | 3âle | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ቈጽል | qwaṣəl |
| 57 | root | جذر | jiðr | שרש | šóreš | [[]] | [[]] | šuršu | [[]] | |
| 58 | bark | قشر | qišr | קלפה | q'lippâ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ቅርፍት | qərfət |
| 59 | flower | زهرة | záhra | פרח | perah | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ጽግጌ | ṣəggé |
| 60 | grass | حشيش | ħašīš | דשא | deše2 | [[]] | [[]] | dīšu | ሻዕር | šā3ər |
| 61 | rope | حبل | ħabl | חבל | ħevel | ܓܡܠ | gmal | eblu | ሐብል | ħabl |
| 62 | skin | جلد | jild | עור | 3ór | ܓܠܕ | gled | gildu | [[]] | |
| 63 | meat | لحم | laħm | בשר | bâsâr | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 64 | blood | دم | damm | דם | dâm | ܕܡ | demm | dāmu | ደምም | damm |
| 65 | bone | عظم | 3að̣m | עצם | 3eṣem | [[]] | [[]] | eṣemtu | [[]] | |
| 66 | fat n. | دهن | duhn | חלב | ħélev | [[]] | [[]] | šamnu | [[]] | |
| 67 | egg | بيضة | báyḍa | ביצה | béṣâ | ܒܝܥܐ | bé3â | [[]] | አንቆቅኾ | 2anqoqəxo |
| 68 | horn | قرن | qurn | קרן | qeren | ܩܪܢ | qren | qarnu | [[]] | |
| 69 | tail | ذنب | ðánab | זנב | zânâv | ܕܢܒ | dneb | zibbatu | ዘነብ | zanab |
| 70 | feather | ريشة | rīsha | נוצה | nóṣâ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 71 | hair | شعر | ša3r | שער | sé3âr | ܣܥܪ | s3ar | šārtu | ጸጕር, ሽዕርት | ṣagwər, šə3rt |
| 72 | head | رأس | ra2s | ראש | róš | [[]] | reš | rēšu | ርእስ | rə2s |
| 73 | ear | أذن | 2úðun | אזן | 2ózen | [[]] | [[]] | uznu | እዝዝን | 2əzzən |
| 74 | eye | عين | 3ayn | עין | 3ayin | ܥܝܢ | 3én | īnu | ዐይን | 3ayn |
| 75 | nose | انف | 2anf | אף | af | [[]] | [[]] | appu | [[]] | |
| 76 | mouth | فم | fam | פה | pe | [[]] | [[]] | pû | አፍ | 2af |
| 77 | tooth | سن | sinn | שן | šén | [[]] | [[]] | šinnu | ስንን | sənn |
| 78 | tongue | لسان | lisān | לשון | lâšón | [[]] | lašān | lišānu | ልሳን | ləsān |
| 79 | fingernail | ظفر | ð̣ufr | צפרן | ṣippóren | [[]] | [[]] | ṣupru | ጽፍር | ṣəfər |
| 80 | foot | قدم | qádam | כף רגל | kaf reğel | ܪܓܠ | rgel | šēpu | እግር | 2əgr |
| 81 | leg | رجل | rijl | רגל | reğel | [[]] | [[]] | kimṣu | ቍይይጽ | qwəyyəṣ |
| 82 | knee | ركبة | rúkba | ברך | berex | [[]] | [[]] | birku | ብርክ | bərk |
| 83 | hand | يد | yad | יד | yâð | ܝܕ | yad | qātu | እድ | 2əd |
| 84 | wing | جناح | janāħ | כנף | kânâf | [[]] | [[]] | kappu | ክንፍ | kənf |
| 85 | belly | بطن | baṭn | בטן | beṭen | [[]] | [[]] | libbu | ከርሽ | karš |
| 86 | guts | امعاء | 2am3ā2 | מעים | mé3im | [[]] | [[]] | erru | [[]] | |
| 87 | neck | رقبة | ráqaba | צואר | ṣawwâr | [[]] | [[]] | kišādu, labiānu | ክሳድ | kəsād |
| 88 | back | ظهر | ð̣ahr | גב | gâv | [[]] | [[]] | šašallu | [[]] | |
| 89 | breast | صدر | ṣadr | חזה | ħâze | ܚܕܝܐ | ħadya | irtu | [[]] | |
| 90 | heart | قلب | qalb | לב | lév | ܠܒ | lebb | libbu | ልብብ | ləbb |
| 91 | liver | كبد | kibd | כבד | kâvéð | [[]] | [[]] | kabattu | [[]] | |
| 92 | drink | شرب | šáriba | שתה | šâθâ | [[]] | [[]] | šatû | ሰትየ | satya |
| 93 | eat | اكل | 2ákala | אכל | 2âxal | ܐܟܠ | 2ekal | akālu | በሊዕ | bali3 |
| 94 | bite | عض | 3áḍḍa | נשך | nâšax | [[]] | [[]] | našāku | [[]] | |
| 95 | suck | مص | máṣṣa | מצץ | mâṣaṣ | [[]] | [[]] | enēqu | [[]] | |
| 96 | spit | بصق | báṣaqa | ירק | yâraq | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ወሪቅ | wariq |
| 97 | vomit | تقيأ | taqáyya2 | הקיא | héqi | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 98 | blow | نفخ | náfaxa | נפח | nâfaħ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ነፍኸ | nafxa |
| 99 | breathe | تنفس | tanáffasa | נשם | nâšam | [[]] | [[]] | napāšu | [[]] | |
| 100 | laugh | ضحك | ḍáħika | צחק | ṣâħaq | [[]] | šħak | ṣuxxu | ሸሐቀ | šaħaqa |
| 101 | see | رأى | ra2ā | ראה | râ2â | ܚܙܐ | ħazā | amāru | ርእየ | rə2ya |
| 102 | hear | سمع | sámi3a | שמע | šâma3 | ܫܡܥ | šma3 | šemû | ሰምዐ | sam3a |
| 103 | know | عرف | 3árifa | ידע | yâda3 | [[]] | 2ida3 | idû | የድዐ, አእመረ | yad3a, 2a2mara |
| 104 | think | فكر | fákkara | חשב | ħâšab | ܚܫܒ | ħšab | [[]] | ሐሸበ, ሐለየ | ħašaba, ħalaya |
| 105 | smell | شم | šámma | הריח | hériaħ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ጼነው | ṣénaw |
| 106 | fear | خاف | xāfa | ירא, פחד | yâré2, pâħað | [[]] | [[]] | palāxu, šaxātu | ፈርሀ | farha |
| 107 | sleep | نام | nāma | ישן, נם | yâšén, nâm | [[]] | dmeq | šalālu | ኖመ | noma |
| 108 | live | عاش | 3āša | חי | ħay | [[]] | [[]] | balāṭu | ሐይወ | ħaywa |
| 109 | die | مات | māta | מת | méθ | ܡܬ | met | mâtu | [[]] | |
| 110 | kill | قتل | qátala | הרג, קטל | hârağ, qâṭal | ܦܛܠ | qṭal | dâku | ቀተለ | qatala |
| 111 | fight | قاتل | qātala | רב | râv | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ተበአሰ | taba2asa |
| 112 | hunt | صاد | ṣāda | צד | ṣâð | [[]] | [[]] | ṣâdu | [[]] | |
| 113 | hit | ضرب | ḍaraba | הכה | hikkâ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 114 | cut | قطع | qáṭa3a | כרת, חתך | kâraθ, ħâθax | [[]] | [[]] | nakāsu | [[]] | |
| 115 | split | شق | šáqqa | בקע, קרע, חלק | bâqa3, qâra3, ħilléq | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ሸጸረ | šaṣara |
| 116 | stab | طعن | ṭá3ana | דקר | dâqar | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ደጐጸ | dagwaṣa |
| 117 | scratch | خربش | xárbaša | שרט | sâraṭ | [[]] | [[]] | xarāsu | ሐንፈጠ | ħanfaṭa |
| 118 | dig | حفر | ħáfara | חפר | ħâfar | [[]] | [[]] | napālu, xerû | [[]] | |
| 119 | swim | سبح | sábaħa | שחה | sâħâ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ጸበተ, ጸበየ | ṣabata, ṣabaya |
| 120 | fly (v.) | طار | ṭāra | עף | 3âf | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 121 | walk | مشى | mašā | הלך | hâlax | ܗܠܟ | hallēk | [[]] | ሖረ | ħora |
| 122 | come | جاء | jā2a | בא | bâ | ܐܬܐ | 2atā | ṭexû | መጽአ | maṣ2a |
| 123 | lie | رقد | ráqada | שכב | šâxav | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ሰከበ | sakaba |
| 124 | sit | جلس | jálisa | ישב | yâšav | [[]] | [[]] | wašābu | ነበረ | nabara |
| 125 | stand | وقف | wáqafa | עמד | 3âmað | [[]] | [[]] | izuzzu | [[]] | |
| 126 | turn | دار | dāra | פנה | pânâ | [[]] | [[]] | saxāru | ሜጠ | méṭa |
| 127 | fall | وقع | wáqa3a | נפל | nâfal | ܢܦܠ | npel | maqātu | ወድቀ | wadqa |
| 128 | give | اعطى | 2a3ṭā | נתן | nâθan | ܢܕܢ | ndan | nadānu | [[]] | |
| 129 | hold | مسك | másaka | אחז | 2âħaz | [[]] | [[]] | naṣāru | አኸዘ | 2axaza |
| 130 | squeeze | عصر | 3áṣara | לחץ | lâħaṣ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 131 | rub | حك | ħákka | שפשף מרח | šifšéf, mâraħ | [[]] | [[]] | lapātu | [[]] | |
| 132 | wash | غسل | ğásala | רחץ שטף | râħaṣ, šâṭap | [[]] | [[]] | ramāku | [[]] | |
| 133 | wipe | مسح | másaħa | מחה נגב | mâħâ, niggév | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 134 | pull | جر | járra | משך | mâšax | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 135 | push | دفع | dáfa3a | דחף | dâħaf | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 136 | throw | رمى | ramā | רמה, השליך | hišlix, râmâ | [[]] | [[]] | nadû | [[]] | |
| 137 | tie | ربط | rabaṭa | קשר | qâšar | [[]] | [[]] | kaṣāru, rakāsu, ṣamādu | [[]] | |
| 138 | sew | خيط | xáyyaṭa | תפר | tâfar | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 139 | count | عد | 3ádda | מנה, ספר | mânâ, sâfar | [[]] | [[]] | manû | [[]] | |
| 140 | say | قال | qāla | אמר | 2âmar | ܐܡܪ | 2emar | qabû | [[]] | |
| 141 | sing | غنى | ğannā | שר, רן, זמר | šâr, rân, zimmér | ܙܡܪ | zmar | zamāru | [[]] | |
| 142 | play | لعب | la3iba | שחק | siħéq | [[]] | [[]] | mēlelu | [[]] | |
| 143 | float | عام | 3āma | שט צף | šâṭ, ṣâf | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 144 | flow | تدفق | tadáffaqa | זרם | zâram | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 145 | freeze | جمد | jámmada | קפא | qâfa | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 146 | swell | ورم | wárima | התנפח | hiθnappéaħ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 147 | sun | شمس | šams | שמש | šemeš | ܫܡܫ | šmeš | šamšu | [[]] | |
| 148 | moon | قمر | qámar | ירח | yâréaħ | [[]] | šar | sîn, warxu | [[]] | |
| 149 | star | نجمة | nájma | כוכב | kóxâv | ܟܘܟܒ | kōkab | kakkabu | [[]] | |
| 150 | water | ماء | mā2 | מים | mayim | [[]] | [[]] | mû | [[]] | |
| 151 | rain | مطر | máṭar | מטר גשם | mâṭâr, gešem | ܡܛܪ | mṭer | zunnu | [[]] | |
| 152 | river | نهر | nahr | נהר | nâhâr | ܢܗܪ | nhar | nāru | ተከዚ | takazi |
| 153 | lake | بحيرة | buħayra | אגם | 2ağam | [[]] | bħar | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 154 | sea | بحر | baħr | ים | yam | ܝܡ | yam | tâmtu | ባሕር | bāħr |
| 155 | salt | ملح | milħ | מלח | melaħ | ܡܠܚ | mleħ | ṭabtu | ጼው | ṣéw |
| 156 | stone | حجر | ħájar | אבן | even | [[]] | [[]] | abnu | እብን | 2əbn |
| 157 | sand | رمل | raml | חול | ħól | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ኾጻ | xoṣā |
| 158 | dust | غبار | ğubār | אבק | 2âvâq | [[]] | [[]] | eperu | መሬት | marét |
| 159 | earth | أرض | 2arḍ | ארץ | 2ereṣ | ܐܪܥ | 2ara3 | erṣetu | ምድር | mədr |
| 160 | cloud | سحابة | saħāba | ענן | 3ânân | [[]] | [[]] | erpetu | ደመና | damanā |
| 161 | fog | ضباب | ḍabāb | ערפל | 3arâfel | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ጊሜ | gimé |
| 162 | sky | سماء | samā2 | שמים | šâmayim | ܫܡܝܢ | šmayyīn | šamû | [[]] | |
| 163 | wind | ريح | rīħ | רוח | ruaħ | [[]] | [[]] | šāru | [[]] | |
| 164 | snow | ثلج | θalj | שלג | šeleg | ܬܠܓ | tleg | šalgu | ሐመዳ | ħamadā |
| 165 | ice | ثلج | θalj | קרח | qeraħ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 166 | smoke | دخان | duxān | עשן | 3âšân | [[]] | [[]] | qutru | ጢስ | ṭis |
| 167 | fire | نار | nār | אש | 2éš | [[]] | [[]] | išātu | እሳት | 2əsāt |
| 168 | ashes | رماد | ramād | אפר | 2éfer | [[]] | [[]] | didallu, ṭikmēnu | ሐመድ | ħamad |
| 169 | burn | حرق | ħáriqa | בער | bâ3ar | [[]] | [[]] | napāxu | [[]] | |
| 170 | road | طريق | ṭarīq | דרך | derex | [[]] | [[]] | xūlu | [[]] | |
| 171 | mountain | جبل | jábal | הר | har | ܛܘܪ | ṭūr | šadû | ደብር | dabr |
| 172 | red | احمر, حمراء | 2áħmar m., ħamrā2 f. | אדם, אדמה | 2âðóm m., 2aðummâ f. | ܣܡܩ | smāq m., smāqa f. | ruššû, pēlu | ቀይሕ | qayħ |
| 173 | green | أخضر, خضراء | 2áxḍar m., xaḍrā2 f. | ירק | yâróq | [[]] | [[]] | warqu | ሐመልሚል | ħamalmil |
| 174 | yellow | أصفر, صفراء | 2áṣfar m., ṣafrā2 f. | צהב | ṣâhóv | [[]] | [[]] | warqu | ዘፍራ | zafrā |
| 175 | white | أبيض, بيضاء | 2ábyaḍ m., bayḍā2 f. | לבן | lâvân | [[]] | [[]] | peṣû | ጸዐዳ, ጻዕዳ | ṣa3adā, ṣā3dā |
| 176 | black | أسود, سوداء | 2aswad m., sawdā2 f. | שחר, שחורה | šâħór m., š'ħórâ f. | [[]] | [[]] | ṣalmu | ጸሊም | ṣalim |
| 177 | night | ليل | layl | לילה | laylâ | [[]] | lelya | mūšu | ሌሊት | lélit |
| 178 | day | يوم | yawm | יום | yóm | ܝܘܡ | yōm | ūmu | ዕለት | 3əlat |
| 179 | year | سنة | sana | שנה | šânâ | [[]] | šana | šattu | ዓም, ዓመት | 3ām, 3āmat |
| 180 | warm | دافئ | dāfi2 | חם | ħâm | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ምውቅ | məwq |
| 181 | cold | بارد | bārid | קר | qar | [[]] | [[]] | kaṣû | ቍር | qwər |
| 182 | full | ممتلئ | mumtáli2 | מלא | mâlé | [[]] | [[]] | malû | ምሉእ | məlu2 |
| 183 | new | جديد | jadīd | חדש | ħâðâš | ܚܕܬ | ħaddīt | eššu | [[]] | |
| 184 | old | قديم | qadīm | ישן | yâšân | [[]] | [[]] | labru, šību | [[]] | |
| 185 | good | طيب | ṭáyyib | טוב | ṭóv | ܛܒ | ṭāb | ṭābu | ኼር | xér |
| 186 | bad | سيء | séyya2 | רע | ra3 | ܒܐܫ | b2eš | lemnu | እኩይ | 2əkuy |
| 187 | rotten | متعفن | mutá3affin | רקוב | râquv | [[]] | [[]] | masku | [[]] | |
| 188 | dirty | قذر, وسخ | qáðir, wásix | מלכלך | m'luxlax | [[]] | [[]] | waršu | [[]] | |
| 189 | straight | مستقيم | mustaqīm | ישר | yâšâr | [[]] | [[]] | ešru | [[]] | |
| 190 | round | مستدير | mustadīr | עגל | 3âğul | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 191 | sharp | حاد | ħadd | חד | ħað | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 192 | dull | غير حاد | ğir ħadd | עמום | 3âmum | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 193 | smooth | ناعم | nā3im | חלק | ħâlâq | [[]] | rakkik | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 194 | wet | مبلول | mablūl | רטב, | râṭóv, râṭuv | [[]] | [[]] | raṭbu | [[]] | |
| 195 | dry | جاف | jaff | יבש | yâvéš | [[]] | [[]] | ablu | [[]] | |
| 196 | correct | صحيح | ṣaħīħ | נכון | nâxón | [[]] | [[]] | damqu | [[]] | |
| 197 | near | قريب | qarīb | קרוב | qâróv | [[]] | [[]] | ṭexû | [[]] | |
| 198 | far | بعيد | ba3īd | רחוק | râħóq | [[]] | [[]] | nešû | ርሑቅ | rəħuq |
| 199 | right | يمين | yamīn | ימין | yâmin | ܝܡܝܢ | yamīn | imittu | የመን | yaman |
| 200 | left | يسار | yasār | שמאל | s'mól | ܣܡܠ | smāl | šumēlu | ጸጋም | ṣagām |
| 201 | at | عند | 3and | ב | b'- | ܒ | be- | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 202 | in | في, ب | fī, bi- | ב | b'- | ܒ | be- | ina | በ | ba- |
| 203 | with | مع, ب | má3a, bi- | את ב עם | 3im, b'-, éθ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 204 | and | و | wa | ו | w'- | ܘ | we- | u | [[]] | |
| 205 | if | لو, اذا, ان | law, 2íðā, 2inn | אם | 2im | [[]] | 2en | šumma | [[]] | |
| 206 | because | بسبب, لأنّ | bi-sábab, li2ánna | בגלל, מפני | biğlal, mipp'né | [[]] | [[]] | aššum | [[]] | |
| 207 | name | اسم | 2ism | שם | šém | ܫܡ | šem | šumu | ስም | səm |