Appendix:Amoy Min Nan Swadesh list
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Swadesh list of 207 words in English and Amoy Min Nan, including Pe̍h-ōe-jī and IPA transcription. The Amoy (Xiamen) dialect is referred to as Taiwanese in Taiwan, and Hokkien in Southeast Asia. The spellings and pronunciations in this list are based on Xiamen speech. All words in Xiamen speech will either match Quanzhou or Zhangzhou spelling and pronunciation. For purposes of clarity, non-Xiamen spellings and pronuciations are not included on this page. However, they can be found at Appendix:Sino-Tibetan Swadesh lists.
Presentation [edit]
- For further information, read the article: Swadesh list
The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikitravel lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.
| № | English word | POS | Pe̍h-ōe-jī | IPA | notes | Traditional Chinese | Simplified Chinese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | personal pronoun | góa | gua˥˧ | 我 | 我 | |
| 2 | you(singular) | personal pronoun | lí | li˥˧ | 汝 | 汝 | |
| 3 | he | personal pronoun | i | i˥˥ | 伊 | 伊 | |
| 4 | we | personal pronoun | gún | gun˥˧ | we (not including you) | 阮 | 阮 |
| lán | lan˥˧ | we (including you) | 咱 | 咱 | |||
| 5 | you(plural) | personal pronoun | lín | lɪn˥˧ | 恁 | 恁 | |
| 6 | they | personal pronoun | in | in˥˥ | 亻因 | 亻因 | |
| 7 | this | demonstrative pronoun | che | tse˥˥ | 這 | 这 | |
| chit-ê | tɕɪt˥˥e˧˥ | 即個 | 即个 | ||||
| 8 | that | demonstrative pronoun | he | he˥˥ | 許 | 许 | |
| hit-ê | hɪt˥˥e˧˥ | 彼個 | 彼个 | ||||
| 9 | here | demonstrative pronoun | chia | tɕia˥˥ | 者 or 遮 | 者 or 遮 | |
| 10 | there | demonstrative pronoun | hia | hia˥˥ | 許 or 遐 | 许 or 遐 | |
| 11 | who | interrogative | siáⁿ-lâng | ɕiã˥˥laŋ˧˥ | 啥人 | 啥人 | |
| siáng | ɕiaŋ˥˧ | contraction of siáⁿ-lâng | 倽 | 倽 | |||
| 12 | what | interrogative | siáⁿ-mih | ɕiã˥˥miʔ˩˩ | 啥物 | 啥物 | |
| sīm-mi̍h | ɕɪm˨˩miʔ˥˥ | 甚麼 | 什么 | ||||
| tó-chi̍t-ê | to˥˥tɕɪt˩˩e˧˥ | which | 佗一個 or 叨一個 | 佗一个 or 叨一个 | |||
| 13 | where | interrogative | tó-ūi | to˥˥ui˧˧ | 佗位 or 叨位 | 佗位 or 叨位 | |
| 14 | when | interrogative | sīm-mi̍h-sî-chūn | ɕɪm˨˩miʔ˥˥ɕi˨˩tsun˧˧ | what time | 甚麼時陣 | 什么时阵 |
| tang-sî | taŋ˧˧ɕi˧˥ | 當時 | 当时 | ||||
| 15 | how | interrogative | jû-hô | ʣu˨˩ho˧˥ | formal | 如何 | 如何 |
| án-chóaⁿ | an˥˥tsuã˥˧ | informal | 按怎 | 按怎 | |||
| chóaⁿ-iūⁿ | tsuã˥˥iũ˧˧ | in what way | 怎樣 | 怎样 | |||
| 16 | not | put | put˩˩ | literary | 不 | 不 | |
| m̄ | ṃ˧˧ | is not/does not | 毋 | 毋 | |||
| bē | be˧˧ | is not able to | 袂 or 勿會 | 袂 or 勿会 | |||
| mài | mai˥˧ | do not (imperative) | 莫 or 勿 or 勿愛 | 莫 or 勿 or 勿爱 | |||
| bô | bo˧˥ | does not have/did not | 無 | 无 | |||
| 17 | all | quantifier | chôan-pō· | tsuan˨˩pɔ˧˧ | all of it | 全部 | 全部 |
| kui | kui˥˥ | ex. all day | 規 or 歸 | 规 or 归 | |||
| só·-ū | sɔ˥˥u˧˧ | ex. all cars | 所有 | 所有 | |||
| lóng | lɔŋ˥˧ | ex. they all see it. | 攏 | 拢 | |||
| lóng-chóng | lɔŋ˥˥tsɔŋ˥˧ | ex. how many in all? | 攏總 | 拢总 | |||
| 18 | many | quantifier | chōe | tsue˧˧ | 濟 or 多支 | 济 or 多支 | |
| 19 | some | quantifier | chi̍t-kóa | tɕɪt˩˩kua˥˧ | 一寡 | 一寡 | |
| kúi-nā-ê | kui˥˥na˨˩e˧˥ | 幾若個 | 几若个 | ||||
| 20 | few | quantifier | chió | tɕio˥˧ | 少 | 少 | |
| 21 | other | quantifier | kî-thaⁿ | ki˨˩tʰã˥˥ | 其他 | 其他 | |
| pa̍t-ê | pat˩˩e˧˥ | 別的 | 别的 | ||||
| 22 | one | cardinal number | it | ɪt˩˩ | more than 10 | 一 | 一 |
| chi̍t | tɕɪt˥˥ | less than 10 | 一 | 一 | |||
| 23 | two | cardinal number | jī | ʑi˧˧ | 二 | 二 | |
| nn̄g | nŋ˧˧ | 兩 | 两 | ||||
| 24 | three | cardinal number | saⁿ | sã˥˥ | 三 | 三 | |
| 25 | four | cardinal number | sì | ɕi˨˩ | 四 | 四 | |
| 26 | five | cardinal number | ngō | ŋo˧˧ | 五 | 五 | |
| 27 | big | adjective | tōa | tua˧˧ | 大 | 大 | |
| 28 | long | adjective | tn̂g | tŋ˧˥ | 長 | 长 | |
| 29 | wide | adjective | khoan | kʰuan˥˥ | 寬 | 宽 | |
| 30 | thick | adjective | kāu | kau˧˧ | 厚 | 厚 | |
| 31 | heavy | adjective | tāng | taŋ˧˧ | 重 | 重 | |
| 32 | small | adjective | sòe | sue˨˩ | 細 | 细 | |
| 33 | short | adjective | té | te˥˧ | 短 | 短 | |
| 34 | narrow | adjective | o̍eh | ueʔ˥˥ | 隘 | 隘 | |
| 35 | thin | adjective | po̍h | poʔ˥˥ | 薄 | 薄 | |
| 36 | woman | noun | lú-jîn | lu˥˥ʑɪn˧˥ | formal | 女人 | 女人 |
| cha-bó· | tsa˧˧bɔ˥˧ | informal | 查某 | 查某 | |||
| 37 | man(adult male) | noun | lâm-jîn | lam˨˩ʑɪn˧˥ | formal | 男人 | 男人 |
| cha-po· | tsa˧˧pɔ˥˥ | informal | 查埔 | 查埔 | |||
| 38 | man(human being) | noun | lâng | laŋ˧˥ | 人 or 儂 | 人 or 侬 | |
| 39 | child(a youth) | noun | gín-á | gɪn˥˥a˥˧ | informal | 囡仔 or 囝仔 | 囡仔 or 囝仔 |
| jî-tông | ʑi˨˩tɔŋ˧˥ | formal | 兒童 | 儿童 | |||
| 40 | wife | noun | bó· | bɔ˥˧ | 某 | 某 | |
| 41 | husband | noun | ang | aŋ˥˥ | 翁 | 翁 | |
| 42 | mother | noun | bú-chhin | bu˥˥tɕʰɪn˥˥ | literary | 母親 | 母亲 |
| lāu-bú | lau˨˩bu˥˧ | 老母 | 老母 | ||||
| ma-ma | ma˧˧ma | 媽媽 | 妈妈 | ||||
| a-bú | a˧˧bu˥˧ | 阿母 | 阿母 | ||||
| 43 | father | noun | hū-chhin | hu˨˩tɕʰɪn˥˥ | literary | 父親 | 父亲 |
| lāu-pē | lau˨˩pe˧˧ | 老爸 | 老爸 | ||||
| pa-pa | pa˧˧pa | 爸爸 | 爸爸 | ||||
| a-pa | a˧˧pa˥˥ | 阿爸 | 阿爸 | ||||
| 44 | animal | noun | tōng-bu̍t | tɔŋ˨˩but˥˥ | 動物 | 动物 | |
| 45 | fish | noun | hî | hi˧˥ | 魚 | 鱼 | |
| 46 | bird | noun | chiáu | tɕiau˥˧ | 鳥 | 鸟 | |
| chiáu-á | tɕiau˥˥a˥˧ | 鳥仔 | 鸟仔 | ||||
| 47 | dog | noun | káu | kau˥˧ | 狗 | 狗 | |
| káu-á | kau˥˥a˥˧ | 狗仔 | 狗仔 | ||||
| 48 | louse | noun | sat | sat˩˩ | 虱 | 虱 | |
| sat-bú | sat˥˥bu˥˧ | 虱母 | 虱母 | ||||
| 49 | snake | noun | chôa | tsua˧˥ | 蛇 | 蛇 | |
| 50 | worm | noun | thâng | tʰaŋ˧˥ | 蟲 | 虫 | |
| tō·-ún | tɔ˨˩un˥˧ | earthworm | 土蚓 | 土蚓 | |||
| tō·-kún | tɔ˨˩kun˥˧ | earthworm | 土蚓 | 土蚓 | |||
| 51 | tree | noun | chhiū | tɕʰiu˧˧ | 樹 | 树 | |
| chhiū-á | tɕʰiu˨˩a˥˧ | 樹仔 | 树仔 | ||||
| 52 | forest | noun | sim-lîm | ɕɪm˧˧lɪm˧˥ | 森林 | 森林 | |
| chhiū-nâ | tɕʰiu˨˩na˧˥ | 樹林 | 树林 | ||||
| 53 | stick | noun | chhiū-ki | tɕʰiu˨˩ki˥˥ | tree branch | 樹枝 | 树枝 |
| ki-á | ki˧˧a˥˧ | informal | 枝仔 | 枝仔 | |||
| 54 | fruit | noun | chúi-kó | tsui˥˥ko˥˧ | 水果 | 水果 | |
| kóe-chí | kue˥˥tɕi˥˧ | 果子 | 果子 | ||||
| 55 | seed | noun | chéng-chí | tɕiŋ˥˥tɕi˥˧ | 種子 | 种子 | |
| 56 | leaf | noun | hio̍h | hioʔ˥˥ | 葉 | 叶 | |
| hio̍h-á | hioʔ˨˩a˥˧ | 葉仔 | 叶仔 | ||||
| 57 | root | noun | kun | kun˥˥ | 根 | 根 | |
| 58 | bark | noun | chhiū-phê | tɕʰiu˨˩pʰe˧˥ | 樹皮 | 树皮 | |
| 59 | flower | noun | hoe | hue˥˥ | 花 | 花 | |
| 60 | grass | noun | chháu | tsʰau˥˧ | 草 | 草 | |
| 61 | rope | noun | soh | soʔ˩˩ | 索 | 索 | |
| soh-á | soʔ˥˧a˥˧ | 索仔 | 索仔 | ||||
| 62 | skin | noun | phê | pʰe˧˥ | 皮 | 皮 | |
| phê-hu | pʰe˨˩hu˥˥ | 皮膚 | 皮肤 | ||||
| 63 | meat | noun | bah | baʔ˩˩ | 肉 | 肉 | |
| 64 | blood | noun | huih | huiʔ˩˩ | 血 | 血 | |
| hiat-e̍k | hɪɛt˥˥ɪk˥˥ | 血液 | 血液 | ||||
| 65 | bone | noun | kut | kut˩˩ | 骨 | 骨 | |
| kut-thâu | kut˥˥tʰau˧˥ | 骨頭 | 骨头 | ||||
| 66 | fat | noun | chi-hông | tɕi˧˧hɔŋ˧˥ | academic | 脂肪 | 脂肪 |
| jī-nn̂g | ʑi˨˩nŋ˧˥ | colloquial | 膩瓤 | 腻瓤 | |||
| 67 | egg | noun | nn̄g | nŋ˧˧ | 卵 | 卵 | |
| koe-nn̄g | kue˧˧nŋ˧˧ | chicken egg | 雞卵 | 鸡卵 | |||
| 68 | horn | noun | kak | kak˩˩ | 角 | 角 | |
| 69 | tail | noun | bé | be˥˧ | 尾 | 尾 | |
| bé-liu | be˥˥liu˥˥ | 尾溜 | 尾溜 | ||||
| 70 | feather | noun | chiáu-mn̂g | tɕiau˥˥mŋ˧˥ | 鳥毛 | 鸟毛 | |
| 71 | hair | noun | thâu-mn̂g | tʰau˨˩mŋ˧˥ | 頭毛 | 头毛 | |
| 72 | head | noun | thâu | tʰau˧˥ | affix | 頭 | 头 |
| thâu-khak | tʰau˨˩kʰak˩˩ | 頭殼 | 头壳 | ||||
| 73 | ear | noun | hīⁿ | hĩ˧˧ | 耳 | 耳 | |
| hīⁿ-á | hĩ˨˩a˥˧ | 耳仔 | 耳仔 | ||||
| hīⁿ-khang | hĩ˨˩kʰaŋ˥˥ | 耳孔 | 耳孔 | ||||
| 74 | eye | noun | ba̍k-chiu | bak˩˩tɕiu˥˥ | 目睭 | 目睭 | |
| 75 | nose | noun | phīⁿ | pʰĩ˧˧ | 鼻 | 鼻 | |
| phīⁿ-á | pʰĩ˨˩a˥˧ | 鼻仔 | 鼻仔 | ||||
| 76 | mouth | noun | chhùi | tsʰui˨˩ | 嘴 | 嘴 | |
| 77 | tooth | noun | chhùi-khí | tsʰui˥˧kʰi˥˧ | 嘴齒 | 嘴齿 | |
| 78 | tongue | noun | chi̍h | tɕiʔ˥˥ | 舌 | 舌 | |
| chhùi-chi̍h | tsʰui˥˧tɕiʔ˥˥ | 嘴舌 | 嘴舌 | ||||
| 79 | fingernail | noun | chéng-kah | tɕiŋ˥˥kaʔ˩˩ | 指甲 | 指甲 | |
| 80 | foot | noun | kha | kʰa˥˥ | 腳 or 跤 | 脚 or 跤 | |
| 81 | leg | noun | thúi | tʰui˥˧ | 腿 | 腿 | |
| 82 | knee | noun | kha-thâu-u | kʰa˧˧tʰau˨˩u˥˥ | 腳頭窩 | 脚头窝 | |
| 83 | hand | noun | chhiú | tɕʰiu˥˧ | 手 | 手 | |
| 84 | wing | noun | e̍k | ɪk˥˥ | literary | 翼 | 翼 |
| si̍t | ɕɪt˥˥ | 翅 or 翼 | 翅 or 翼 | ||||
| si̍t-á | ɕɪt˩˩a˥˧ | 翅仔 or 翼仔 | 翅仔 or 翼仔 | ||||
| si̍t-kó· | ɕɪt˩˩kɔ˥˧ | 翅股 or 翼股 | 翅股 or 翼股 | ||||
| 85 | belly | noun | pak-tó· | pak˥˥tɔ˥˧ | 腹肚 | 腹肚 | |
| 86 | guts | noun | tn̂g-á | tŋ˨˩a˥˧ | 腸仔 | 肠仔 | |
| 87 | neck | noun | ām-kún | am˨˩kun˥˧ | 頷頸 | 颔颈 | |
| 88 | back | noun | kha-chiah-phiaⁿ | kʰa˧˧tɕiaʔ˥˧pʰiã˥˥ | 尻脊骿 | 尻脊骿 | |
| 89 | breast | noun | hiong | hiɔŋ˥˥ | chest (affix) | 胸 | 胸 |
| hiong-pō· | hiɔŋ˧˧pɔ˧˧ | chest (academic) | 胸部 | 胸部 | |||
| heng-khám | hiŋ˧˧kʰam˥˧ | chest (generic) | 胸坎 | 胸坎 | |||
| leng-pông | liŋ˧˧pɔŋ˧˥ | female organ | 奶房 | 奶房 | |||
| 90 | heart | noun | sim-chōng | ɕɪm˧˧tsɔŋ˧˧ | 心臟 | 心脏 | |
| 91 | liver | noun | koaⁿ | kuã˥˥ | affix | 肝 | 肝 |
| koaⁿ-chōng | kuã˧˧tsɔŋ˧˧ | 肝臟 | 肝脏 | ||||
| 92 | drink | verb | lim | lɪm˥˥ | 啉 | 啉 | |
| 93 | eat | verb | chia̍h | tɕiaʔ˥˥ | 食 | 食 | |
| 94 | bite | verb | kā | ka˧˧ | 咬 | 咬 | |
| 95 | suck | verb | khip | kʰɪp˩˩ | affix | 吸 | 吸 |
| chi̍p | tɕɪp˥˥ | sip | |||||
| suh | suʔ˩˩ | suck | 吸 | 吸 | |||
| 96 | spit | verb | phùi | pʰui˨˩ | generic | 呸 | 呸 |
| phùi-nōa | pʰui˥˧nua˧˧ | lit. spit saliva (informal) | 呸瀾 | 呸澜 | |||
| phùi-chhùi-nōa | pʰui˥˧tsʰui˥˧nua˧˧ | lit. spit saliva (informal) | 呸嘴瀾 | 呸嘴澜 | |||
| phùi-thâm | pʰui˥˧tʰam˧˥ | lit. spit phlegm (informal) | 呸痰 | 呸痰 | |||
| 97 | vomit | verb | áu | au˥˧ | informal | 嘔 | 呕 |
| thò· | tʰɔ˨˩ | informal | 吐 | 吐 | |||
| áu-thò· | au˥˥tʰɔ˨˩ | formal | 嘔吐 | 呕吐 | |||
| 98 | blow | verb | chhe | tsʰe˥˥ | 吹 | 吹 | |
| pûn | pun˧˥ | 歕 | 歕 | ||||
| 99 | breathe | verb | ho·-khip | hɔ˧˧kʰɪp˩˩ | academic (respire) | 呼吸 | 呼吸 |
| chhóan-khùi | tsʰuan˥˥kʰui˨˩ | 喘氣 | 喘气 | ||||
| 100 | laugh | verb | chhiò | tɕʰio˨˩ | 笑 | 笑 | |
| 101 | see | verb | khòaⁿ | kʰuã˨˩ | 看 | 看 | |
| 102 | hear | verb | thiaⁿ | tʰiã˥˥ | 聽 | 听 | |
| 103 | know | verb | chai | tsai˥˥ | 知 | 知 | |
| chai-iáⁿ | tsai˧˧iã˥˧ | 知影 | 知影 | ||||
| pat | pat˩˩ | to recognize | 捌 | 捌 | |||
| 104 | think | verb | siūⁿ | ɕiũ˧˧ | 想 | 想 | |
| 105 | smell | verb | phīⁿ | pʰĩ˧˧ | 鼻 | 鼻 | |
| 106 | fear | verb | kiaⁿ | kiã˥˥ | 驚 | 惊 | |
| 107 | sleep | verb | khùn | kʰun˨˩ | 睏 | 困 | |
| 108 | live | verb | o̍ah | uaʔ˥˥ | 活 | 活 | |
| 109 | die | verb | sí | ɕi˥˧ | 死 | 死 | |
| 110 | kill | verb | thâi | tʰai˧˥ | 刣 | 刣 | |
| 111 | fight | verb | oan-ke | uan˧˧ke˥˥ | argue | 冤家 | 冤家 |
| sio-phah | ɕio˧˧pʰaʔ˩˩ | fists | 相拍 | 相拍 | |||
| sio-thâi | ɕio˧˧tʰai˧˥ | war | 相刣 | 相刣 | |||
| 112 | hunt | verb | phah-la̍h | pʰaʔ˥˧laʔ˥˥ | 拍獵 | 拍猎 | |
| 113 | hit | verb | phah | pʰaʔ˩˩ | 拍 | 拍 | |
| 114 | cut | verb | koah | kuaʔ˩˩ | cut in two | 割 | 割 |
| chhiat | tɕʰiɛt˩˩ | slice | 切 | 切 | |||
| ka | ka˥˥ | scissors | 鉸 | 铰 | |||
| 115 | split | verb | phòa-khui | pʰua˥˧kʰui˥˥ | transitive split open | 剖開 or 破開 | 剖开 or 破开 |
| li̍h-khui | liʔ˨˩kʰui˥˥ | intransitive split open | 裂開 | 裂开 | |||
| hun-khui | hun˧˧kʰui˥˥ | split up | 分開 | 分开 | |||
| 116 | stab | verb | chhì | tɕʰi˨˩ | 刺 | 刺 | |
| chân | tsan˧˥ | 剸 | 剸 | ||||
| tu̍h | tuʔ˥˥ | 突 | 突 | ||||
| 117 | scratch | verb | pê | pe˧˥ | 扒 | 扒 | |
| 118 | dig | verb | ó· | ɔ˥˧ | 挖 | 挖 | |
| óe | ue˥˧ | 挖 | 挖 | ||||
| iah | iaʔ˩˩ | 挖 | 挖 | ||||
| liú | liu˥˧ | 窌 | 窌 | ||||
| ku̍t | kut˥˥ | 掘 | 掘 | ||||
| 119 | swim | verb | siû-chúi | ɕiu˨˩tsui˥˧ | 泅水 | 泅水 | |
| 120 | fly | verb | pe | pe˥˥ | 飛 | 飞 | |
| 121 | walk | verb | kiâⁿ | kiã˧˥ | generic | 行 | 行 |
| kiâⁿ-lō· | kiã˨˩lɔ˧˧ | go on foot (informal) | 行路 | 行路 | |||
| pō·-hêng | pɔ˨˩hiŋ˧˥ | go on foot (formal) | 步行 | 步行 | |||
| pō·-kiâⁿ | pɔ˨˩kiã˧˥ | go on foot (formal) | 步行 | 步行 | |||
| pō·-lián | pɔ˨˩lɪɛn˥˧ | go on foot (formal) | 步輦 | 步辇 | |||
| 122 | come | verb | lâi | lai˧˥ | 來 | 来 | |
| 123 | lie | verb | tó | to˥˧ | horizontal | 倒 | 倒 |
| 124 | sit | verb | chē | tse˧˧ | 坐 | 坐 | |
| 125 | stand | verb | chām | tsam˧˧ | affix | 站 | 站 |
| khiā | kʰia˧˧ | 徛 or 企 | 徛 or 企 | ||||
| 126 | turn | verb | oat | uat˩˩ | change direction | 斡 | 斡 |
| 127 | fall | verb | lak-lo̍h | lak˥˥lɔʔ˥˥ | drop | 落落 | 落落 |
| 128 | give | verb | hō· | hɔ˧˧ | 予 or 互 or 給 | 予 or 互 or 给 | |
| 129 | hold | verb | the̍h | tʰeʔ˥˥ | 提 | 提 | |
| 130 | squeeze | verb | lu̍t | lut˥˥ | U+22BF0 | U+22BF0 | |
| 131 | rub | verb | loán | luan˥˧ | massage; knead | 扌耎 | 扌耎 |
| 132 | wash | verb | sóe | sue˥˧ | 洗 | 洗 | |
| 133 | wipe | verb | chhit | tɕʰɪt˩˩ | 拭 | 拭 | |
| 134 | pull | verb | khiú | kʰiu˥˧ | 扭 | 扭 | |
| giú | giu˥˧ | 扭 | 扭 | ||||
| 135 | push | verb | sak | sak˩˩ | 拺 | 拺 | |
| 136 | throw | verb | tàn | tan˥˧ | 撣 | 掸 | |
| 137 | tie | verb | pa̍k | pak˥˥ | 縛 | 缚 | |
| 138 | sew | verb | pâng | paŋ˧˥ | 縫 | 缝 | |
| thīⁿ | tʰĩ˧˧ | 紩 | 紩 | ||||
| 139 | count | verb | siàu | ɕiau˨˩ | 數 | 数 | |
| 140 | say | verb | kóng | kɔŋ˥˧ | 講 | 讲 | |
| 141 | sing | verb | chhiùⁿ | tɕʰiũ˨˩ | 唱 | 唱 | |
| 142 | play | verb | sńg | sŋ˥˧ | 耍 | 耍 | |
| chhit-thô | tɕʰɪt˥˥tʰo˧˥ | intransitive | 跮踱 or U+28468迌 | 跮踱 or U+28468迌 | |||
| 143 | float | verb | phû | pʰu˧˥ | 浮 | 浮 | |
| 144 | flow | verb | lâu | lau˧˥ | 流 | 流 | |
| 145 | freeze | verb | kiat-peng | kɪɛt˥˥piŋ˥˥ | 結冰 | 结冰 | |
| 146 | swell | verb | phòng-tōa | pʰɔŋ˥˧tua˧˧ | 膨大 | 膨大 | |
| 147 | sun | noun | thài-iông | tʰai˥˧iɔŋ˧˥ | scientific | 太陽 | 太阳 |
| ji̍t-thâu | ʑɪt˩˩tʰau˧˥ | informal | 日頭 | 日头 | |||
| 148 | moon | noun | ge̍h-niû | geʔ˨˩niu˧˥ | 月亮 | 月亮 | |
| 149 | star | noun | chhiⁿ | tɕʰĩ˥˥ | 星 | 星 | |
| 150 | water | noun | chúi | tsui˥˧ | 水 | 水 | |
| 151 | rain | noun | hō· | hɔ˧˧ | 雨 | 雨 | |
| 152 | river | noun | hô | ho˧˥ | 河 | 河 | |
| 153 | lake | noun | ô· | ɔ˧˥ | 湖 | 湖 | |
| 154 | sea | noun | hái | hai˥˧ | 海 | 海 | |
| 155 | salt | noun | iâm | ɪɛm˧˥ | 鹽 | 盐 | |
| 156 | stone | noun | chio̍h | tɕioʔ˥˥ | affix | 石 | 石 |
| chio̍h-thâu | tɕioʔ˨˩tʰau˧˥ | 石頭 | 石头 | ||||
| 157 | sand | noun | soa | sua˥˥ | 沙 | 沙 | |
| 158 | dust | noun | thô·-hún | tʰɔ˨˩hun˥˧ | 土粉 | 土粉 | |
| 159 | earth | noun | tē-kiû | te˨˩kiu˧˥ | planet | 地球 | 地球 |
| 160 | cloud | noun | hûn | hun˧˥ | 雲 | 云 | |
| 161 | fog | noun | bū | bu˧˧ | 霧 | 雾 | |
| 162 | sky | noun | thiⁿ | tʰĩ˥˥ | 天 | 天 | |
| 163 | wind | noun | hong | hɔŋ˥˥ | 風 | 风 | |
| 164 | snow | noun | seh | seʔ˩˩ | 雪 | 雪 | |
| 165 | ice | noun | peng | piŋ˥˥ | 冰 | 冰 | |
| 166 | smoke | noun | hun | hun˥˥ | 薰 | 薰 | |
| 167 | fire | noun | hé | he˥˧ | 火 | 火 | |
| 168 | ashes | noun | he | he˥˥ | ashes or dust | 灰 | 灰 |
| hé-hu | he˥˥hu˥˥ | 火灰 | 火灰 | ||||
| 169 | burn | verb | hiâⁿ | hiã˧˥ | 焚 | 焚 | |
| 170 | road | noun | lō· | lɔ˧˧ | 路 | 路 | |
| 171 | mountain | noun | soaⁿ | suã˥˥ | 山 | 山 | |
| 172 | red | adjective | âng | aŋ˧˥ | 紅 | 红 | |
| 173 | green | adjective | le̍k | lɪk˥˥ | 綠 | 绿 | |
| chhiⁿ | tɕʰĩ˥˥ | 青 | 青 | ||||
| 174 | yellow | adjective | n̂g | ŋ˧˥ | 黃 | 黄 | |
| 175 | white | adjective | pe̍h | peʔ˥˥ | 白 | 白 | |
| 176 | black | adjective | o· | ɔ˥˥ | 烏 | 乌 | |
| 177 | night | noun | àm-sî | am˥˧ɕi˧˥ | 暗時 | 暗时 | |
| 178 | day | noun | ji̍t-sî | ʑɪt˩˩ɕi˧˥ | 日時 | 日时 | |
| 179 | year | noun | nî | ni˧˥ | 年 | 年 | |
| 180 | warm | adjective | sio-lō | ɕio˧˧lo˧˧ | 燒烙 | 烧烙 | |
| 181 | cold | adjective | kôaⁿ | kuã˧˥ | 寒 | 寒 | |
| 182 | full | adjective | bóan | buan˥˧ | 滿 | 满 | |
| móa | mua˥˧ | 滿 | 满 | ||||
| tīⁿ | tĩ˧˧ | 滇 or 淀 | 滇 or 淀 | ||||
| 183 | new | adjective | sin | ɕɪn˥˥ | 新 | 新 | |
| 184 | old | adjective | lāu | lau˧˧ | not young | 老 | 老 |
| kū | ku˧˧ | not new | 舊 | 旧 | |||
| 185 | good | adjective | hó | ho˥˧ | 好 | 好 | |
| 186 | bad | adjective | pháiⁿ | pʰaĩ˥˧ | 歹 | 歹 | |
| 187 | rotten | adjective | àu | au˨˩ | 餲 | 餲 | |
| chhàu-nōa | tsʰau˥˧nua˧˧ | 臭爛 | 臭烂 | ||||
| 188 | dirty | adjective | lah-sap | laʔ˥˧sap˩˩ | 垃圾 | 垃圾 | |
| 189 | straight | adjective | ti̍t | tɪt˥˥ | 直 | 直 | |
| 190 | round | adjective | îⁿ | ĩ˧˥ | 圓 | 圆 | |
| 191 | sharp | adjective | lāi | lai˧˧ | 利 | 利 | |
| 192 | dull | adjective | tūn | tun˧˧ | 鈍 | 钝 | |
| 193 | smooth | adjective | kng-ku̍t | kŋ˧˧kut˥˥ | 光滑 | 光滑 | |
| 194 | wet | adjective | sip | ɕɪp˩˩ | 濕 | 湿 | |
| tâm | tam˧˥ | 霑 | 沾 | ||||
| 195 | dry | adjective | ta | ta˥˥ | 焦 | 焦 | |
| 196 | correct | adjective | tio̍h | tioʔ˥˥ | informal | 著 | 着 |
| chèng-khak | tɕiŋ˥˧kʰak˩˩ | formal | 正確 | 正确 | |||
| 197 | near | adjective | kūn | kun˧˧ | 近 | 近 | |
| 198 | far | adjective | hn̄g | hŋ˧˧ | 遠 | 远 | |
| 199 | right | adjective | chiàⁿ | tɕiã˨˩ | 正 | 正 | |
| 200 | left | adjective | tò | to˨˩ | 倒 | 倒 | |
| 201 | at | preposition | tī | ti˧˧ | 佇 or 於 | 佇 or 于 | |
| 202 | in | preposition | tī...lāi | ti˧˧...lai˧˧ | 佇...裡 | 佇...里 | |
| 203 | with | conjunction | kap | kap˩˩ | 及 | 及 | |
| 204 | and | conjunction | kap | kap˩˩ | 及 | 及 | |
| 205 | if | conjunction | nā-sī | na˨˩ɕi˧˧ | 若是 | 若是 | |
| 206 | because | conjunction | in-ūi | ɪn˧˧ui˧˧ | 因為 | 因为 | |
| 207 | name | noun | miâ | miã˧˥ | affix or generic | 名 | 名 |
