Appendix:Pama-Nyungan Swadesh lists

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This is a Swadesh list of Pama-Nyungan languages, specifically Gurindji, Ngaanyatjarra, Warlpiri, Dhuwal, Djambarrpuyngu, Ritarungo, Wong-gie and Kaurna, compared with that of English.

The list includes:

  • Gurindji — Pama-Nyungan language (Ngumpin branch, has many Yirram and Jarrakan loanwords)
  • Warlpiri — Pama-Nyungan language (Ngarrkic branch)
  • Ngaanyatjarra — Pama-Nyungan language (Southwest branch)
  • Yolngu — Pama-Nyungan language (Yolngu branch)
  • Kaurna — Pama-Nyungan language (Thura-Yura branch)
  • Badimaya — Pama-Nyungan language (Kartu branch)
№ English Gurindji Ngaanyatjarra Warlpiri Yolngu
(includes Dhuwal, Djambarrpuyngu and Ritarungo) 		Wong-gie Kaurna Badimaya Lang8
1 I ngayu -rna ngaju(lu) ngie-yoo ngai, ngathu (erg.) ngadhu
2 you
(singular) 		nyuntu -n yajini(karra) nõõ-rru niina, nintu (erg.) nhundu
3 he nyantu (0) ngula bu-loo pa, padlu (erg.) balu
4 we ngaliwa (incl.),
ngantipa (excl.) 		-la(n) (incl.), -latju (excl.) -rnalu, -rlipa ngul-lee-bu ngadlu, ngadli (dual) ngalimi (2pl), ngalidya (2du)
5 you
(plural) 		nyurrulu -ya(n) -npala na, nintu (erg.), niwa (dual) nhuradya, nhubadya
6 they nyarrulu -ya -lu thun-nu parna, purla (dual) dhanha
7 this nhungu-nhu iya nhinha
8 that naa-rraa-nhu ngu banha
9 here nhung-uth-thu ityangka nhinha-la
10 there nu-rru-thu nguntya banha-la, nhandi
11 who ngun-nu-loo ngaa ngana
12 what ngun-nun-nhu waathana nha
13 where wun-thu-doo waamu wandi
14 when bu-lõõnth-thun-noo nala-alati nha-la
15 how yaal-jee ngaintyarlu ya
16 not gum-moo -yaku wirdi
17 all purrp binh-nin-noo bu-loo-nhu tupa badiwi, mudiwi
18 many jarrwa bi-rn-nee -tawata yagu
19 some -walija kutyu dyalga
20 few murrkunpurru thõõng-gõõ-r-nhee-nhu tukutya
21 other -kari gõõth-thoo-bu-nhu -dala
22 one jintaku kutju gõõth-thoo kuma(nti) gurriya
23 two kujarra kutjarra gõõth-thu-rru purlaityi gudha
24 three murrkun marnkurr(pa) mun-gõõ-rr-bu marnkutyi gadyadi
25 four kujarra-kujarra kutjarra-kutjarra gõõth-thu-rru-gõõth-thu-rru yarapurla gudha gudhara
26 five ngarra mara mila mara
27 big bõõ-ri-gu-nhu & jung-u-ru yathu yagu
28 long wo-ru-nhu tuwina wanara
29 wide lib-bee-lib-bee yarru
30 thick (scrub) thõõl-jõõl partu
31 heavy bõõ-rd-doo thaal-lee run-nhee yuparra
32 small thõõng-gõõ-r-nhee-nhu tuku dyuba
33 short thõõng-gõõ-r-nhee-tu-hu nadli bulamarda
34 narrow thin-bee turtpa
35 thin gu-wu-du-rr-gu putyurra
36 woman janka, nampiyita minyma karnta, mardukuja, rduju miyalk, dhayka min-mu, nõõn-ngu ngangki murni
37 man
(adult male) 		malyju wati bõõn-doo & wod-dee miyu bagali
38 man
(human being) 		ngumpit yarnangu yun-ung-oo miyu nyunga
39 child
(a youth) 		karu tjilku, tjitji thith-thee, tjilku-tuku wakwaku, ngartu gadya
40 wife janka kurri, yamatji ngie-yoo-goo yum-uth-thee yangarra, kartu mudyi
41 husband ngumparna kurri, yamatji gõõ-rree ngupa, yarlina mudyi
42 mother ngamayi ngunytju ngõõn-thoo ngangkita bibi
43 father ngaji mama mum-mu yarlita mama
44 animal ngarin yanamul(pa) (English) gõõg-gu (meat) pardu
45 fish yawu kapingkatja won-um-bee, ji-lu (watersnake) kuya gwinilya ~ winalya
46 bird jurlak tjurlpu ji-rd-du winaityinaityi dyidamin
47 dog warlaku papa nim-moo kadli dhudhu ~ dudhu
48 louse wutu (head), wawuyany (body) tjirtu, wirnka gõõl-loo & win-gu kudlu
49 snake kuljany lirru li-rroo; gun-bu (no known generic word) dyiga
50 worm katjany(pa) gud-dul-gu(maggot);wun-gu(grub) wuumi
51 tree karnti purnu, warta word-du (no known generic word) winda
52 forest manyja thõõl-jõõl wirra
53 stick
(of wood) 		kiyarri purnu, warta wo-rd-du & bõõ-rn-noo katha winda, biragili
54 fruit mangarri mirrka ngu-roo
55 seed timpi yurniny(pa) ling-gee
56 leaf jalyi nyarlpi yõõl-boo lõõ-rree tinkyu biragili, mindyali
57 root wirnturru marrpuri wo-rd-du & bõõ-rn-noo wayita dyula
58 bark
(of tree) 		parnnga likarra lig-gu-rru paka likarra (dry bark)
59 flower yirna purtipulawa jid-dun-jid-dun mitika
60 grass yuka yukiri yõõ-gõõ-ree & thun-ju tutha
61 rope muntiri purturru ngari
62 skin
(of a person) 		wajawurr minyarra mu-r-du-mu-r-du & mu-roo-nhu parrpa wunya
63 meat
(as in flesh) 		ngarin kuka gõõg-gu; kuka itya dhuru
64 blood kungulu purlarr(pa), yirrami yi-rru-mee karti nguba, yarlgu
65 bone kuyuwarn tarrka du-rr-gu warpu dhaba
66 fat
(noun) 		wararr karnpi mõõ-dõõ-rr-gu (fat on meat) paitpurla, kurrkurla ganu
67 egg kampij ngampu ngum-boo muka ngawu
68 horn wirnturru wirlkarra
69 tail jawut wipu wib-boo warti nundi
70 feather
(rather not down) 		pinkirr purrmu wapa ngarlbu
71 hair kartpi mangka mung-gu yuka manggalya
72 head ngarlaka kata gud-du & thõõl-gõõl-bu mukarta maga
73 ear langa pina bin-nu yuri gulga ~ gurlga
74 eye mila kuru gõõ-roo miina guru
75 nose jitji mulya mõõl-lu mudlha mulya
76 mouth lirra tjaa thaa taa ira ~ irra
77 tooth
(rather not molar) 		lirra kartirti gu-r-di-r-dee tia ira ~ irra
78 tongue jalany tjarliny(pa) thaa-lin tadlanya dyalang
79 fingernail lipi miltji mil-jee marapirri
80 foot jamana tjina jin-nu tidna dyina
81 leg jamana tjarlpa, murnngu thul-bu yarku (lower), miti (upper) mambu
82 knee tingarri murti mõõ-rd-dee mampa dyarda
83 hand wartarn mara mu-ru mara mara
84 wing pinkirr nyarlpi, yamirri tarlti, wampi
85 belly majul mukala, tjuni thõõn-nee & nõõ-roo munthu wari
86 guts lupu nyurru nyõõ-roo (intestine) munthu wari
87 neck ngirlkirri ngurnti ngõõn-dee yurni ngan
88 back parntawurru wirtapi gõõl-dõõng-gu yumu warru
89 breast ngapurlu mimi mim-mee & yib-bee ngami mimi
90 heart tulang kurturtu gõõ-r-dõõ-r-doo pultha gurradu ~ gudadu ~ gurdurdu
91 liver malumpa kamarntu, yalu yul-loo tangka marirri
92 to drink kukij paya- tjikilku thig-gil-lu ngarkunthi ngal
93 to eat jaartkarra nga- ngalku ngu-lu mainthi ngal
94 to bite paya- patjalku buth-thul-lu payanthi badya
95 to suck nyuk paya- yun-thoo nuinpinthi
96 to spit gõõl-bõõ-rr tadlipanthi
97 to vomit thun-du-ru kapinthi
98 to blow
(as wind) 		thawl-bu kurrurrinthi yuwaka
99 to breathe ngaal-mun-nhee wingku patirrinthi
100 to laugh yig-gu-ree karnkinthi ginggila
101 to see nug-goo nakunthi nha
102 to hear gõõl-lee-lu yuri kurrinthi guwa-nda
103 to know
(a fact) 		nin-dee tampinthi mirnu
104 to think raw gõõl-lee-lu yailtyanthi
105 to smell
(sense odor) 		parntilku bu-rn-dee mudlhanthi bandi
106 to fear ngõõl-loo wayikurtanthi wayiny-ba
107 to sleep ngarriku gõõ-rn-gõõ-rn & ngu-rring-oo miituthungki gubulya
108 to live wu-rn-gu purrutinthi
109 to die mi-rree murla
110 to kill mi-rree thõõn-goo & mi-rrin dul-lu padlu-apinthi murla-nda
111 to fight bi-gu bõõng-goo-lun-nhee kurntanthi bu-ngu-dya
112 to hunt
(transitive) 		wog-gu-run-nhee yakanthi wadha
113 to hit bõõ-waa, bõõng-oo parltanthi bu
114 to cut gul-thõõ-rr bõõ-waa pakinthi garda-ba
115 to split bole-bõõ-waa tarra-arkanthi
116 to stab
(or stick) 		wog-gul-goo pungkunthi dha-nda
117 to scratch
(an itch) 		bi-rri-lu & bõõ-rr-joo nunanthi bayabaya
118 to dig thu-wul-lu pakanthi baya
119 to swim num-bõõl-ul-lu parrinthi
120 to fly baa-rr-baa gul-goo wampinthi
121 to walk jin-nu maa bith-thu & thul-gu-goo padninthi dyina-nggu
122 to come bith-thu & ngul-lu pudnanthi yan
123 to lie
(as on one's side) 		ngu-rree - gu-rree wantinthi ngarri
124 to sit nyi-nu tikanthi nyina
125 to stand ngu-ru yuwanthi yuga
126 to turn
(change direction) 		bin-gõõd-dul-lu mikarrinthi
127 to fall
(as in drop) 		bõõn-gul-lu turrukanthi wara
128 to give ngul-lu - yoo-waa yungkunthi yu
129 to hold
(in one's hand) 		gun-yil-lu, wil-doo-lu,mu-rru, wid-dõõ - bõõ-waa ga
130 to squeeze thõõl-gõõl-lu parntanthi
131 to rub wod-dõõl-lu & nyid-dil-lu kurlinthi
132 to wash nim-moe-nee kuntunthi
133 to wipe rõõ-aal - bõõ-waa muyinthi
134 to pull yil-lul-lu manthi
135 to push yõõn-dõõl-lu yudlurrinthi dyambardaba
136 to throw wu-rn-nee & rõõng-gul-lu patinthi waniwani
137 to tie gu-rr-bil-lu
138 to sew gu-rn-bee gul-lu nayanthi waladya
139 to count mu-rung-goo nin-dee-lu wanpa-wanpanthi
140 to say woth-thu-lu wangkanthi wangga
141 to sing yin-gu karltamanthi mama
142 to play yin-gu mukanthi ngadadya
143 to float gub-bee gud-dõõng-gu
144 to flow gub-bee gõõ-gõõ-rr-mun-nhee & yin-dul - mun-nhee wayinthi
145 to freeze yu-rl-lu bõõ-yõõ-noo makiminthi
146 to swell mawl - ju-rru malyuminthi
147 sun wurlngarn tjirntu ghõõl-lee mul-lu tirntu garang
148 moon jakiliny kirnara bi-ru gith-thil-lee kakirra wilaya ~ wilara
149 star kiki pirntirri mul-lu mul-lu purli bundara
150 water ngawa kapi gub-bee, kapi, kumpurli kauwi gabi
151 rain yipu kapi gub-bee bõõn-gaa-run-nhee, yaa-rr-gu kunturu gabidyi
152 river pari warn
153 lake pangka
154 sea
(as in ocean) 		wangkuwala yarlu wirlu
155 salt karang parntu pakadla, miri
156 stone wumara purli, yapu purdi marda
157 sand warrayarl parna warra barnabarna
158 dust manta murdu dhugu
159 earth
(as in soil) 		janja, ngurra (land) manta yarta barna
160 cloud maarn kurtu-kurtu maku mandala ~ mandarda
161 fog kaparru puyulykura, tjiyu madlu
162 sky kulumarra yilkari karra bili
163 wind
(as in breeze) 		wumaj pirriya warri windhu
164 snow murrupa maadlhu
165 ice murrupa maki
166 smoke jungkart puyu, tjunarn(pa) tumpu dyudu
167 fire warlu waru ngauwa, karla wadyan
168 ash puna tjurnpa ngunkunya burna
169 to burn
(intransitive) 		jiya- kampaku ngardlinthi dhaba
170 road warntarri yiwarra tapa wagardi
171 mountain ngarlaka purli, yapu karnu
172 red winkilying tjitirn-tjitirn(pa) karrku, taltharni binma
173 green wurrkawurrkal yukiri-yukiri kardalta
174 yellow karrikurn-karrikurn ngurtu-ngurtu wiranirana
175 white waki pirntal(pa) parkana biluny
176 black mumpung waru pulyuna mawurdu
177 night kaputa munga ngulthi maru
178 day
(daytime) 		wurlngarn tjirntu tirntu dyigarda
179 year parunga kurli warltati
180 warm
(as in weather) 		warlta walba, bawul
181 cold
(as in weather) 		manya murdi
182 full tjaalyngaraku -purtu
183 new jalayalang nuupalya yalakiana
184 old kajirri pukiana dyudya
185 good punyu marni barany
186 bad wankaj yukuna dhadha ~ dharra
187 rotten
(as, a log) 		tungki gardagarda-ng (fell apart)
188 dirty yartapurtu mirdi
189 straight maturta wulgu
190 round mukumukurru
191 sharp
(as a knife) 		tiarrka milgu-bari (has a point)
192 dull
(as a knife) 		tiyatina
193 smooth karaly(pa) pithapitha
194 wet nungurru
195 dry
(adjective) 		murla bunyan (has dried up)
196 right
(correct) 		numa
197 near ityangka
198 far kardadla warda
199 right
(side) 		turturntu wulgu-gardi (straight side)
200 left
(side) 		yurdina dhambu-gardi (crooked side)
201 at -ngka -la, -ngga, etc.
202 in -ngka -la, -ngga, etc.
203 with
(accompanying) 		-tjarra -taikurri -bari (possession, control), -banha (coordination, accompaniment)
204 and
205 if -ma
206 because -pira
207 name yini yini, manytji nari yini

Sources[edit]

  • Ngaanyatjarra & Ngaatjatjarra to English dictionary. Amee Glass and Dorothy Hackett, et. al., ed. Alice Springs, NT: IAD Press, 2003
  • McConvell, Patrick. 2009. "Gurindji vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 842 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/31

External links[edit]

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