Appendix:Swadesh lists for Dravidian languages
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
(Redirected from Appendix:Dravidian Swadesh lists)
| № | English | Telugu | Tamil | Malayalam | Kannada | Tulu | Gondi | Konda | Brahui |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | నేను (/neːnu/) | நான் (/nɑːɳ/) | ഞാ൯ (/ɲɑːn/) | ನಾನು (/nɑːnu/) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | ای (/iː/) |
| 2 | you (singular) |
నువ్వు (/nuvːu/), నీవు (/niːvu/) |
நீ ({{/niː/) | നീ | ನೀನು (/niːnu/) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | نی (/niː/) |
| 3 | he | అతడు (/at̪aɽu/), అతను (/at̪anu/) వాడు (/vɑːɽu/) వారు (/vɑːru/) |
அவன் (avaṉ) | അവ൯ (avan) | ಅವನು (avanu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | او (ō) |
| 4 | we | మేము (/meːmu/) (exclusive) మనము (/manamu/) (inclusive) |
நாம் (nām), நாங்கள் (nāṅkaḷ) |
നാം (nām) | ನಾವು (nāvu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | نن (nan) |
| 5 | you (plural) |
మీరు (/miːru/) (plural/honorific) తమరు (/tamaru/) (plural/honorific) |
நீங்கள் (nīṅkaḷ) | നീ | ನೀವು (neevu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | نُم (num) |
| 6 | they | அவர்கள் (avarkaḷ) | അവര് (avar) | ಅವರು (avaru) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | |
| 7 | this | ఇది (/idi/) | இது (itu) | ഇത് (itu) | ಇದು (idu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 8 | that | అది (/adi/) | அது (atu) | അത് (atu) | ಅದು (adu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 9 | here | ఇక్కడ (/ikːaɽa/) |
இங்கே (iṅkē) | ഇവിടെ (ivide) | ಇಲ್ಲಿ (illi), ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ (idaralli) |
[[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 10 | there | అక్కడ (/akːaɽa/) అచ్చట (/acːaʈa/) ఆడ (/ɑːɽa/) |
அங்கே (aṅkē) | അവിടെ (avide) | ಅಲ್ಲಿ (alli) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 11 | who | ఎవరు (/evaru/) | யார் (yār) | ആരു് (aaru) | ಯಾರು (yāru) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 12 | what | ఏమిటి (/eːmiʈi/) ఏంటి (/eːɳʈi/) |
என்ன (eṉṉa) | എന്തു് | ಏನು (Enu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 13 | where | ఎక్కడ (|ekːaɽa/) |
எங்கே (eṅkē) | എവിടെ (evidē) | ಎಲ್ಲಿ (elli) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 14 | when | ఎప్పుడు (/epːuɽu/) | எப்பொழுது (eppoḻutu) | എപ്പോള് (eppOl) | ಯಾವಾಗ (yāvāga) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 15 | how | ఎలా (/elɑː/), ఎట్లా (/eʈlɑː/) |
எப்படி (eppaṭi) | എങ്ങനെ (engane) | ಹೇಗೆ (hEge) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 16 | not | కాదు (kAdu) (negation), లేదు(lEdu) (absence) |
இல்லை (illai) | അല്ല (alla) | ಅಲ್ಲ (alla) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 17 | all | అందరు (aMdaru) (humans), అన్నీ (annI) (countable nouns), మొత్తము(mottamu) (uncountable nouns) |
எல்லாம் (ellām) | എല്ലാ (ellā) | ಎಲ್ಲ (ella) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 18 | many | చాలా (chālā) | பல (pala) | പല (pala) | ಹಲ (bahaLa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 19 | some | కొందరు (koMdaru) (humans), కొన్ని (konni) (countable nouns), కొంత (koMta) (uncountable nouns) |
சில (cila) | ചില (cila) | ಕೆಲ (kela) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 20 | few | కొన్ని (/konːi/) | கொஞ்சம் (koñcam) | കുറച്ചു് (kurachu) | ಕೊಂಚ (kelavu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (macciT) |
| 21 | other | వేరే (vErE) ఇతర (itara) |
மற்ற (maṟṟa) | മറ്റു് (maṟṟu) | ಇತರೆ (itare) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 22 | one | ఒకటి (okaTi) | ஒன்று (oṉṟu) | ഒന്ന് (onnu) | ಒಂದು (ondu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (asiT) |
| 23 | two | రెండు (reMDu) | இரண்டு (iraṇṭu) | രണ്ട് (randu) | ಎರಡು (eraDu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (iraT) |
| 24 | three | మూడు (mooDu) | மூன்று (mūṉṟu) | മൂന്ന് (moonnu) | ಮೂರು (mooru) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (musiT) |
| 25 | four | నాలుగు (nālugu) | நான்கு (nāṉku) | നാല് (naalu) | ನಾಲ್ಕು (nālku) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 26 | five | ఐదు (aidu) | ஐந்து (aintu) | അഞ്ചു് (anchu) | ಐದು (aidu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 27 | big | పెద్ద (pedda) | பெரிய (periya) | വലിയ (valiya) പെരും (perum) |
ಹಿರಿಯ (doDDa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 28 | long | పొడవైన (poDavaina) | நீளமான (nīḷamāṉa) | നീണ്ട (nīnta) | ಉದ್ದ (udda) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (murghun) |
| 29 | wide | వెడల్పైన (veDalpaina) | அகலமான (akalamāṉa) | വീതു് (veethu) | ಅಗಲ (agala) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 30 | thick | మందమైన (maMdamaina) | தடித்த (thaditha) | കട്ടിയുള്ള (kattiyuLLa) | ದಪ್ಪ (dappa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 31 | heavy | బరువైన (baruvaina) | கணம் (kaNam) | കനത്ത (kanatha) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 32 | small | చిన్న (chinna) | சின்ன (ciṉṉa) | ചെറിയ | ಸಣ್ಣ (saNNa), ಚಿಕ್ಕ (chikka) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (cunak) |
| 33 | short | పొట్టి (poTTi) | குட்டை (kuttai) | കുറു (kuRu) | ಗಿಡ್ಡ (giDDa), ಕುಳ್ಳ (kuLLa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 34 | narrow | ఇరుకైన (irukaina), సన్నని (sannani) |
குறுகிய (kurugiya) | ഇടുങ്ങിയ (idungiya) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 35 | thin | సన్నని (sannani), పలుచని (paluchani) |
ஒல்லி (olli) | നേര്ത്ത (nErtha) | ತೆಳು (teLu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (tanak) |
| 36 | woman | ఆడది (ADadi), స్త్రీ (stree), మహిళ (mahiLa) |
பெண் (peṇ) | പെണ്ണു് (pennu) | ಹೆಂಗಸು, ಹೆಣ್ಣು (hengasu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 37 | man (adult male) |
మగవాడు (magavADu), పురుషుడు (purushuDu) |
ஆண் (āṇ) | ആണ് (aanu) | ಗಂಡಸು, ಆಳು (gaNDasu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 38 | man (human being) |
మనిషి (maniShi) | மனிதன் (maṉitaṉ) | മനുഷ്യന് (manushyan) ആളു് (aaLu) |
[[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 39 | child (a youth) |
పిల్ల (pilla) (female), పిల్లవాడు (pillavADu) (male) |
குழந்தை (kuḻantai), பிள்ளை (pillai) |
കുട്ടി (kutti) | ಮಗು (magu), ಕೂಸು (koosu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (cunaa, maxa) |
| 40 | wife | పెళ్ళాం (peLLAM), భార్య (bhaarya), ఆలి (aali) | மனைவி (maṉaivi) | ഭാര്യ (bharya) കെട്ടിയവള് (kettiyavaL) |
ಹೆಂಡತಿ (heNDati) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 41 | husband | మొగుడు (moguDu), భర్త (bharta), పెనిమిటి (penimiTi) | கணவன் (kaNavan) | ഭ൪ത്താവ് bharthavu കെട്ടിയവന് (kettiyavan) |
ಗಂಡ (gaNDa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 42 | mother | అమ్మ (amma), తల్లి (talli) |
அம்மா (ammā) | അമ്മ (amma) | ಅಮ್ಮ (amma), [[]] (thayi) |
[[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (ammaa) |
| 43 | father | నాన్న (naanna), తండ్రి (tandri) |
அப்பா (appā), தந்தை (thandhai) |
അച്ഛന് (atʃtʃhan), അപ്പന് (appan) |
ಅಪ್ಪ (appa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 44 | animal | జంతువు (jaMtuvu) | விலங்கு (vilaṅku), மிருகம் (mirugam) |
മൃഗം (mrugam) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 45 | fish | చేప (cEpa) | மீன் (mīṉ) | മീ൯ (meen) | ಮೀನು (meenu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 46 | bird | పక్షి (pakShi), పిట్ట (piTTa) |
பறவை (paṟavai) | പക്ഷി (pakshi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 47 | dog | కుక్క (kukka) | நாய் (nāy) | നായ (naaya), പട്ടി (patti) |
ನಾಯಿ (nAyi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 48 | louse | పేను (pEnu) | பேன் (pEn) | പേ൯ (pEn) | ಹೇನು (hēnu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 49 | snake | పాము (paamu) | பாம்பு (pāmpu), நாகம் | പാമ്പു് (pāmbu) | ಹಾವು (hAvu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (dûSva) |
| 50 | worm | పురుగు (purugu) | புழு (puzhu) | പുഴു (puzhu) | ಹುಳ (huLa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 51 | tree | చెట్టు (cheTTu) | மரம் (maram) | മരം (maram) | ಮರ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (draxt) |
| 52 | forest | అడవి (aDavi) | காடு (kāṭu) | കാടു് (kāṭu) | ಕಾಡು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
కర్ర (karra), కట్టె (kaTTe) |
குச்சி (kucci) | വടി (vati) | ಕೋಲು, ಕಡ್ಡಿ, ಬಡಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 54 | fruit | పండు (paNDu), ఫలము (phalamu) | பழம் (paḻam) | പഴം (pazham) | ಹಣ್ಣು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 55 | seed | విత్తనం (vittanaM) | விதை (vithai) | വിത്തു് (viTHu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 56 | leaf | ఆకు (aaku) | இலை (ilai) | ഇല (ila) | ಎಲೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 57 | root | వేరు (vEru) | வேர் (vEr) | വേരു് (vEru) | ಬೇರು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (bex) |
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
బెరడు (beraDu) | பட்டை (pattai) | മരത്തോലു് (maraTHolu) | ಕೊಂಬೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 59 | flower | పువ్వు (puvvu), పుష్పము (pushpamu) |
பூ (pū), மலர் (malar) | പൂ (pū) | ಹೂವು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 60 | grass | గడ్డి (gaDDi) | புல் (pul) | പുല്ല് (pullu) | ಹುಲ್ಲು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (bey) |
| 61 | rope | తాడు (taaDu), మోకు (mOku) | கயிறு (kayiṟu) | കയറ് (kayaṟu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (cvit) |
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
తోలు (tOlu), చర్మము(charmamu) |
தோல் (tōl) | തൊലി (tholi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
మాంసం (māMsaM) | கறி (kaRi) | മാംസം (māMsaM), ഇറച്ചി (iRaCHi) |
[[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 64 | blood | రక్తము (raktamu), నెత్తురు (netturu) |
குருதி (kuruthi) | ചോര (Chōra) | ನೆತ್ತರು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (ditar) |
| 65 | bone | ఎముక (emuka), బొమికె (bomike), బొక్క (bokka) | எலும்பு (elumpu) | എല്ല് (ellu) | ಎಲುಬು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 66 | fat (noun) |
కొవ్వు (kovvu) | கொழுப்பு (koluppu) | തടിച്ച (thadiCHa) | ಕೊಬ್ಬು (kobbu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 67 | egg | గుడ్డు (guDDu) | முட்டை (muṭṭai) | മുട്ട (muṭṭa) | ಮೊಟ್ಟೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 68 | horn | కొమ్ము (kommu) | கொம்பு (kompu) | കൊമ്പ് (kompu) | ಕೊಂಬು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (margh) |
| 69 | tail | తోక (tOka) | வால் (vāl) | വാല് (vāl) | ಬಾಲ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
ఈక (eeka) | இறகு (iraku) | തൂവല് (thooval) | ಗರಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 71 | hair | వెంట్రుకలు (veMTrukalu), జుట్టు (juTTu) | முடி (muṭi) | മുടി (muṭi) | ಕೂದಲು (kūdalu), ಕೇಶ (kēśa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 72 | head | తల (tala) | தலை (talai) | തല (tala) | ತಲೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 73 | ear | చెవి (chevi) | காது (kātu) | ചെവി (chevi) | ಕಿವಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (xaf) |
| 74 | eye | కన్ను (kannu), నేత్రం (netram) | கண் (kaṇ) | കണ്ണ് (kaNNu) | ಕಣ್ಣು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (xan) |
| 75 | nose | ముక్కు (mukku) | மூக்கு (mūkku) | മൂക്ക് (mookku) | ಮೂಗು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 76 | mouth | నోరు (nOru), మూతి (mooti) | வாய் (vāy) | വായ (vāya) | ಬಾಯಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (bâ) |
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
పన్ను (pannu) | பல் (pal) | പല്ല് (pallu) | ಹಲ್ಲು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (dantân) |
| 78 | tongue | నాలుక (naaluka) | நாக்கு (nākku) | നാക്ക് (nākku) | ನಾಲಗೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (dûî) |
| 79 | fingernail | గోరు (gOru) | நகம் (nagam) | നഖം (nakham) | ಉಗುರು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 80 | foot | పాదము (paadamu), అడుగు (aDugu) |
அடி (adi), பாதம் | പാദം (paadam) കാലടി (kaalaDi) |
ಅಡಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 81 | leg | కాలు (kālu) | கால் (kāl) | കാല് (kālu) | ಕಾಲು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 82 | knee | మోకాలు (mOkaalu) | மூட்டு (mooṭṭu) | മുട്ട് (muṭṭu) | ಮಂಡಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 83 | hand | చెయ్యి (cheyyi), చేయి (chEyi) | கை (kai) | കൈ (kai) | ಕೈ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (dû) |
| 84 | wing | రెక్క (rekka) | இறக்கை (irakkai) | ചിറക് (chiRaku) | ರೆಕ್ಕೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (bâl) |
| 85 | belly | పొట్ట (poTTa), కడుపు (kaDupu) | தொந்தி(tonthi), (vayaru=stomach) | വയറു് (vayaru=stomach) | ಹೊಟ್ಟೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 86 | guts | పేగులు (pEgulu) | குடல் (kudal) | കുടല്മാല | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 87 | neck | మెడ (meDa), కంఠం (kaMThaM) | கழுத்து(kazhuthu) | കഴുത്ത് (kazhuttu) | ಕತ್ತು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 88 | back | వీపు (veepu), వెన్ను (vennu) | முதுகு (muthugu) | മുതുകു് (mutuku) | ಬೆನ್ನು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 89 | breast | చన్ను (channu), స్తనము (stanamu) | மார்பு (mārbu), (mulai) | മുല (mula), സ്തനം (sthanam) | ಮೊಲೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 90 | heart | గుండె (guMDe) | உள்ளம் (uḷḷam), ithayam | ഹൃദയം (hrudayam) ചങ്കു് (chanku) |
ಗುಂಡಿಗೆ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 91 | liver | కాలేయం (kaalEyam) | ஈரல்(eeral) | കരളു് (karaLu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 92 | to drink | తాగు (tAgu) | குடி (kudi) | കുടി (kuTi) | ಕುಡಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 93 | to eat | తిను (tinu) | உண் (oon), (thin) | കഴി (kazhi), തിന് (thin), ഉണ് (uN) |
ತಿನ್ನು, ಉಣ್ಣು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 94 | to bite | కొరుకు (koruku), కరచు (karachu) | கடி (kadi) | കടി (kaTi) | ಕಡಿ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 95 | to suck | చీకు (cheeku) | உறிஞ்சு (urinju), (uri) | ഊമ്പു് (oompu) | ಚೀಪು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 96 | to spit | ఉమ్ము (ummu) | துப்பு (thuppu) | തുപ്പു് (tuppu) | ಉಗುಳು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 97 | to vomit | కక్కు (kakku) | கக்கு (kakku) | കക്കു് (kakku) | ಕಾರು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
ఊదు (oodu) (transitive), వీచు (veechu) (intransitive) |
ஊது (ūthu) | ഊതു് (ūtu) | ಊದು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 99 | to breathe | ఊపిరి పీల్చు (oopiri peelchu) | மூச்சுவிடு (moochuvidu) | ശ്വസിക്ക് (shwasikk) | ಉಸಿರು+ಆಡು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 100 | to laugh | నవ్వు (navvu) | சிரி (ciri), (nagai) | ചിരി | ನಗು | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 101 | to see | చూచు (choochu) | காண் (kāṇ) | കാണ് (kāṇ) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 102 | to hear | విను (vinu) | கேள் (kēḷ) | കേള് (kēḷ) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
తెలుసుకొను (telusukonu), ఎరుగు (erugu) |
அறி (aṟi) | അറി (aRi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 104 | to think | ఆలోచించు (aalOchinchu) | நினை (niṉai) | നിനയ് (niṉai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
వాసన చూచు (vAsana choochu), మూచ్చూచు (mooccoochu) |
நுகர் (nugar), (mugar) | മണക്ക് (maNakk) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 106 | to fear | బెదురు (beduru), భయపడు(bhayapaDu) | அஞ்சு (añju) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (xuliis) |
| 107 | to sleep | కునుకు (kunuku), తూగు (toogu), నిద్ర పోవు (nidra pOvu) |
தூங்கு (tūṅgu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 108 | to live | బతుకు (batuku) | வாழ் (vāḻ) | [[]] (baduku) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 109 | to die | చచ్చు (chaccu) | சா (cā) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 110 | to kill | చంపు (chaMpu) | கொல் (kol) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (kasf-) |
| 111 | to fight | పోరాడు (pOraaDu) | சண்டைப் போடு (saṇdai pōdu), (poradu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
వేటాడు (vETaaDu) | வேட்டையாடு (veettaiyaadu) | വേട്ടയാടുക (vEttayaatuka) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 113 | to hit | కొట్టు (koTTu) | அடி (adi), தாக்கு (thaaku) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 114 | to cut | కోయు (kOyu) | வெட்டு (veṭṭu), (koithu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 115 | to split | చీల్చు (cheelchu) | பிள (pila) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
పొడుచు (poDuchu) | குத்து(kuthu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
గీరు (geeru) | சொரி (sori) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 118 | to dig | తవ్వు (tavvu) | தோண்டு (thondu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 119 | to swim | ఈదు (eedu) | நீந்து (neenthu) | നീന്തുക (neenthuka) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 120 | to fly | ఎగురు (eguru) (intransitive), ఎగరవేయు (egaravEyu) (transitive) |
பற (paṟa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 121 | to walk | నడుచు (naDuchu) | நட (nada) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 122 | to come | వచ్చు (vaccu) | வா (vā) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (banning) |
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
పడుకొను (paDukonu) | கிட (kida), (padu) | കിടക്കുക (kiTakkuka) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 124 | to sit | కూర్చొను (koorchonu) | உட்கார் (uṭkār) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 125 | to stand | నిలుచొను (niluchonu), నిలబడు (nilabaDu) | நில் (nil) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
తిప్పు (tippu) (transitive), తిరుగు (tirugu) (intransitive) |
திரும்பு (thirumbu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] ('ars-) |
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
పడు (paDu) | விழு (vizhu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 128 | to give | ఇచ్చు (iccu) | தா (thā) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
పట్టుకొను (pattukonu) | கொள் (koḷ), பிடி (pidi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 130 | to squeeze | పిసుకు (pisuku) | கசக்கு (kasakku), (pisuku) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 131 | to rub | రుద్దు (ruddu) | தேய் (thai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 132 | to wash | కడుగు (kaDugu) | கழுவு (kaḻuvu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 133 | to wipe | తుడుచు (tuDuchu) | துடை (thudai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 134 | to pull | లాగు (laagu) | இழு (izhu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 135 | to push | నెట్టు (neTTu), తోయు (tOyu) | தள்ளு (thallu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 136 | to throw | విసురు (visuru) | எறி (eṟi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (biT-) |
| 137 | to tie | కట్టు (kaTTu) | கட்டு (kaṭṭu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 138 | to sew | కుట్టు (kuTTu) | தை (tai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 139 | to count | లెక్కించు (lekkincu) | எண் (eṇ) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 140 | to say | చెప్పు (cheppu) | சொல் (sol) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 141 | to sing | పాడు (pāDu) | பாடு (pādu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 142 | to play | ఆడు (aaDu) | விளையாடு (vilaiyādu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 143 | to float | తేలు (tElu) | மித (mitha) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 144 | to flow | పారు (pAru) | ஒழுகு (ozhugu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 145 | to freeze | గడ్డకట్టు (gaDDakaTTu) | உறை (uRai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 146 | to swell | వాచు (vaachu) | வீங்கு (veengu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 147 | sun | సూర్యుడు (sooryuDu), పొద్దు (poddu) |
ஞாயிறு (ñāyiṟu), aadhavan, | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (de) |
| 148 | moon | చంద్రుడు (chaMdruDu), చందమామ (chaMdamaama), నెలవేల్పు (nelavElpu) |
நிலா (nilā), (thingal) | തിങ്കള് (thinkaL),ചന്ദ്രന് (chandran) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 149 | star | నక్షత్రం (nakshatraM), తార (tAra), చుక్క (chukka) |
விண்மீன் (viṇmīṉ), (natchatram) | നക്ഷത്രം (nakshathram), താരം (thaaram) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 150 | water | నీరు (neeru) | நீர் (neer) | പയസ്സ് (payass), (vellum) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (dîr) |
| 151 | to rain | కురియు (kuriyu), వర్షించు (varshiMchu) | பொழி (pozhi), (mazhai) | മഴ (mazha) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 152 | river | నది (nadi) | ஆறு (āṟu) | പുഴ (puzha) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 153 | lake | సరస్సు (sarassu) | எரி (eri) | കായല് | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (d.and) |
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
సముద్రం (samudraM) కడలి (kaDali) |
கடல் (kadal) | കടല് (kaDal) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 155 | salt | ఉప్పు (uppu) | உப்பு (uppu) | ഉപ്പ് (uppu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (be) |
| 156 | stone | రాయి (rAyi) | கல் (kal) | കായല് | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (xal) |
| 157 | sand | ఇసుక (isuka) | மணல் (manal), (mann) | മണ്ണ് | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 158 | dust | దుమ్ము (dummu) | புழுதி (puzhudhi), தூசி (thoosi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
మన్ను (mannu), మట్టి (maTTi), నేల (nEla) |
மண் (maṇ=sand) | മണ്ണ് (maNNu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 160 | cloud | మబ్బు (mabbu) | மேகம் (mēgam), (mugizh) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 161 | fog | పొగమంచు (pogamancu) | மஞ்சு (manju), pani | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 162 | sky | నింగి (ningi), ఆకాశం(ākāSaM] | வானம் (vaanam) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
గాలి (gAli) | காற்று (kāṟṟu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (ta'oo) |
| 164 | snow | మంచు (mancu) | பனி (pani) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 165 | ice | గడ్డమంచు (gaDDamancu) | பனிக்கட்டி (panikkatti) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 166 | smoke | పొగ (poga) | புகை (pugai) | [[]] | [[]] (hogai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 167 | fire | మంట (maNTa), నిప్పు (nippu) | தீ (thee) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 168 | ash | బూడిద (booDida) | சாம்பல் (saambal) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
కాలు (kAlu), మండు (maNDu) |
எரி (eri) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 170 | road | బాట (bATa) | சாலை (chaalai/saalai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 171 | mountain | కొండ (koNDa) | மலை (malai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 172 | red | ఎర్ర (erra) | சிவப்பு (civappu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (xiisun) |
| 173 | green | పచ్చ (pacca) | பச்சை (pachai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 174 | yellow | పసుపుపచ్చ (pasupupacca) | மஞ்சள் (manjal) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 175 | white | తెల్ల (tella) | வெள்ளை (vellai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (piiun) |
| 176 | black | నల్ల (nalla), కర్రి (karri) |
கருப்பு (karuppu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (maun) |
| 177 | night | రేయి (rEyi), రాత్రి (rAtri), మాపు (mApu) |
இரவு (iravu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 178 | day (daytime) |
పగలు (pagalu) | பகல் (pagal) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 179 | year | యేడు (yEDu), యేడాది (yEDAdi), సంవత్సరం (saMvatsaraM) |
ஆண்டு (āndu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
వెచ్చని (veccani) | வெதுவெதுப்பு (vedhuvedhuppu), (veccai) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (baasun) |
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
చల్లని (challani) | குளிர்ச்சி (kuLirchi) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (pudeen) |
| 182 | full | నిండు (niNDu) | முழு | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 183 | new | కొత్త (kotta) | புது (puthu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 184 | old | పాత (pAta) | பழைய (pazhaiya) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 185 | good | మంచి (manci) | நல்ல (~nalla) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (cat.î) |
| 186 | bad | చెడ్డ (ceDDa) | கெட்ட (ketta) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
కుళ్ళిన (kuLLina), చెడిన (cheDina) |
அழுகிய (azhugiya) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 188 | dirty | మురికైన (murikaina) | அழுக்கான (azhukkāna) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 189 | straight | నేరు (nEru) | நேர் (nEr) | [[]] | [[]] (nera) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 190 | round | గుండ్రని (guNDrani) | உருண்ட | [[]] | [[]] (gunDa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
పదునైన (padunaina) | கூர்மை (koormai) | [[]] | [[]] (harita) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
మొండి (mONDi), మొద్దైన (moddaina) | மழுங்கிய (mazhungiya) | വിരസമായ | [[]] (mONDa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 193 | smooth | నున్నని (nunnani) | வழுவழுப்பு (vazhuvazhuppu) | ശാന്തമായ | [[]] (nuNNaneya) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 194 | wet | తడి (taDi) | ஈரமான (eeramāna) | നനഞ്ഞ | [[]] (odde) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (paalun) |
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
పొడి (poDi), ఎండు (EMDu) |
உலர்ந்த (ularntha) | [[]] | [[]] (oNa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (baarun) |
| 196 | right (correct) |
సరైన (saraina) | சரி (sari) | ശരിയായ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 197 | near | దగ్గర (daggara) | அருகில் (Arugil), கிட்ட (kiTTa) | സമീപത്തുള്ള | [[]] (hattira) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] (keeb) |
| 198 | far | దూరం (dooraM) | தொலைவு (tholaivu) | ദൂരെ | [[]] (dUra) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 199 | right (side) |
కుడి (kuDi) | வலது (valathu) | വലത് | [[]] (bala) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 200 | left (side) |
ఎడమ (eDama) | இடது (idathu) | ഇടത് | [[]] (EDa) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 201 | at | -వద్ద (-vadda) (location), -వైపు (-vaipu) (direction) |
-இல் (-il) | നേരെ | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 202 | in | -లో (-lO) | -இல் (-il) | വെച്ച് | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
-తో (-tO) | -உடன் (-udan), -ஓடு (-ODu) | കൂടെ (/ku:ʈe/) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 204 | and | మరియు (mariyu) | -உம் (-um), மற்றும் (matrum), மேலும்(melum) | -ഉം (-um) | [[]] (mattu) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 205 | if | -ఇతే (-itE) | [[]] (-al / endral) | -aal/eɳkil | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 206 | because | -వల్ల (-valla), ఎందుకంటే (endukaNTE) |
ஏனென்றால் (Enendrāl) (endral) | എന്തുകൊണ്ടെന്നാല് | [[]] (Ekendare) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| 207 | name | పేరు (pEru) | பெயர் (peyar) | േപര് | [[]] (hesaru) | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] | [[]] |
| Swadesh lists for language families and branches |
|---|
| Afro-Asiatic – Algonquian – Altaic – Araucanian – Austro-Asiatic – Australian – Austronesian – Baltic-Finnic – Celtic – Dené–Yeniseian – Dravidian – Finno-Ugric – Frisian – Germanic – Hokan – Iberian – Italian – Indo-Iranian – Indo-Iranian (extended) – Mayan – Muskogean – Niger–Congo – Oto-Manguean – Mayan – Paleosiberian – Penutian – Romance – Sino-Tibetan – Slavic – Siouan – Tai–Kadai – Tibeto-Burman – Tupi–Guarani – Turkic – Uto-Aztecan |