Appendix:Finnish declension types/kala

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

KOTUS type 9 (kala)	NSK type 10 (kala)

Two-syllable nominals, first vowel a/e/i, ending with -a (not -ä); consonant gradation possible.

-a of stem changes to -o- before plural marker -i-. Partitive ending -a and genitive plural ending -en.

[edit] Basic declension without consonant gradation

singular plural nominative kala kalat genitive kalan kalojen kalain1 partitive kalaa kaloja accusative kala kalan kalat inessive kalassa kaloissa elative kalasta kaloista illative kalaan kaloihin adessive kalalla kaloilla ablative kalalta kaloilta allative kalalle kaloille essive kalana kaloina translative kalaksi kaloiksi instructive – kaloin abessive kalatta kaloitta comitative – kaloineen 1) Rare.

[edit] Consonant gradation

[edit] Summary

	grade	kk → k	pp → p	tt → t	k → ∅	p → v	t → d	nk → ng	mp → mm	lt → ll	nt → nn	rt → rr
nominative	strong	markka	kauppa	mitta	lika	halpa	rauta	lanka	kampa	ilta	kanta	parta
genitive	weak	markan	kaupan	mitan	lian	halvan	raudan	langan	kamman	illan	kannan	parran
partitive	strong	markkaa	kauppaa	mittaa	likaa	halpaa	rautaa	lankaa	kampaa	iltaa	kantaa	partaa
elative	weak	markasta	kaupasta	mitasta	liasta	halvasta	raudasta	langasta	kammasta	illasta	kannasta	parrasta
illative	strong	markkaan	kauppaan	mittaan	likaan	halpaan	rautaan	lankaan	kampaan	iltaan	kantaan	partaan

[edit] Complete declension example with consonant gradation (t → d)

singular plural nominative rauta raudat genitive raudan rautojen rautain1 partitive rautaa rautoja accusative rauta raudan raudat inessive raudassa raudoissa elative raudasta raudoista illative rautaan rautoihin adessive raudalla raudoilla ablative raudalta raudoilta allative raudalle raudoille essive rautana rautoina translative raudaksi raudoiksi instructive – raudoin abessive raudatta raudoitta comitative – rautoineen 1) Rare.

[edit] See also

• Appendix:Finnish declension types/koira