Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
The following is a list of Proto-Indo-European roots, given with their basic meaning and notable cognates in Indo-European languages. Note that there is some debate among scholars on whether certain roots belong to PIE or not.
Note that only roots are listed here; see Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European nouns for nominal stems. See also w:Proto-Indo-European pronoun, w:Proto-Indo-European particle and w:Proto-Indo-European numerals.
- p, t, ḱ, k, kʷ
- b, d, ǵ, g, gʷ
- bʰ, dʰ, ǵʰ, gʰ, gʷʰ
- s, h₁/e, h₂/a, h₃/o, h₄, H (unknown laryngeal)
- y, w, r, l, m, n
Languages with abbreviations[edit]
- Alb.: Albanian (Tosk/Gheg)
- Anatolian
- Hitt. Hittite
- Arm.: Old Armenian
- Baltic
- Lith.: Lithuanian
- Latv.: Latvian
- Old Prussian
- Celtic
- Germanic
- Gm.: German (Old High German/German)
- Eng.: English, (Old English/English)
- ON: Old Norse
- Goth.: Gothic
- Gk.: Greek (Ancient Greek/Modern Greek)
- Indo-Iranian
- Italic
- Slavic
- OCS: Old Church Slavonic
- Russ.: Russian
- Pol.: Polish
- Toch.: Tocharian
- Venetic
- Dacian
- Phrygian
- XMK: Ancient Macedonian
- Illyr.: Illyrian
- Thracian
References[edit]
- Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European roots: Second Edition, Houghton Mifflin, September 14, 2000 - ISBN 0-395-98610-9
- Carl Darling Buck, A dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages: A contribution to the history of ideas, University of Chicago Press; Reprint edition (June 15, 1988) - ISBN 0-226-07937-6
- Julius Pokorny, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959).
- Rix et al., Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben (1998, 2001).
External links[edit]
- Dnghū: Proto-Indo-European Etymology Dictionary (and other downloadable Indo-European documents).
- Index to the online version of Pokorny's PIE dictionary
- American Heritage Indo-European Roots Index
- Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary of Russian language
