Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots/p

Root	Meaning	Derivatives
*pasto-	solid	Skr. पस्त्य (pastyá), Gm. festi/fest, Eng. fæst/fast Arm. հաստ (hast), Goth. 𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fastan), ON fastr, Pers. Bastan
*peg-	breast	Skr. पक्ष (pakṣá), Lat. pectus, Ltv. paksis, Russ. пах (pax), Toch. päśśäṃ/päścane, OIr. ucht
*peh₂-	to protect	Skr. पाति (pā́ti); pātram, Toch. pās/pāsk, Gk. pōy; pōma; ποιμήν (poimēn), Lat. pāstum, Gm. fōtar/Futter, Eng. fothor/; fōdder/, Lith. piemuō, Goth. fōdjan; fōdr, Av. pāiti, Pers. 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 (xšaçapāvā)/پاییدن (pāyīdan), ON føða; fóðr, Arm. հաւրան (hawran)
*peh₃y-	to drink	Russ. пить (pit'), Skr. पिबति (píbati), Gk. πίνω (pinō), Alb. pi, Ir. ibim/ibh, Welsh yfed, Lith. puota, Old Prussian poieiti, Hitt. pas, Thrac. pinon, Arm. ըմպեմ (əmpem), Lat. bibere, Umbrian puni, OCS пити (piti), Pol. pić, poić
*peḱ-	to pluck	*peḱu- "cattle"; Gk. πόκος; πέκω (pekō), Lat. pecu; pecus, Lith. pekus, Old Prussian pecku, Skr. पशु (páśu), Kurd. pas, Av. pasu, Goth. 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 (faihu), Eng. feoh/fee, ON fé, Gm. fihu/Vieh, Arm. ասր (asr), Gaul. equs
*pekʷ-	to cook, become ripe	Lat. coquere, Alb. pjek, Russ. пеку (peku), Skr. पचति (pácati), Toch. päk/päk, Welsh pobi, Gk. πέσσω (pessō), Kamviri puk, Lith. kepti, Ltv. cept, OCS pekǫ, Pol. piec, Pers. /پختن (pukhtan), Old Prussian pektis, Eng. āfigen/
*pel-	flour	Old Prussian pelwo, Lat. palea, Skr. पलाल (palāva), Lith. pelūs, Ltv. pelus, Russ. полова (polova)
*pel-	gray	Alb. plak, Arm. ալիք (alikʿ), Skr. पलित (palitá), Av. pouruša, Pers. /pūrū, Kurd. pêl, XMK pellus, Gk. πολιός (poliós); πελιτνός (pelitnós), Lat. palleō; pullus, Ir. liath, Welsh llwyd, Lith. pelekas, Ltv. pelēks, Old Prussian pelē, OCS плавъ (plavŭ), Russ. пелёсый (pelësyj), Pol. płowy, ON fǫlr, Gm. falo/falb, Eng. fealu/fallow
*pel-	skin	Gk. pélas; πέλμα (pelma), Lat. pellis, Russ. пелена (pelena), Goth. fill, Gm. fël/Fell, Eng. filmen/film, ON fjall, Lith. palà; plėnė, Ltv. plēne, Old Prussian pleynis
*pelh₂-	flat	Hitt. palḫiš, Arm. հող (hoł); լայն (layn), Lith. plónas; platùs, Ltv. plãns; plañdît, Old Prussian plonis, Ir. lian/; lethan/; lethaid/, Welsh lleyn; llwyn; lledu, Eng. feld/field; /flat Gm. feld/feld, Gk. platýs; πλανάω (planaō); πλάσσω (plassō), Skr. पृथु (pṛthú), Av. fraθah, Lat. plānus, Russ. плоский (ploskij); nidar ploskŭ, OCS ploskŭ
*pent-	road	Lat. pons, Gk. πόντος (pontos), Skr. पथिन् (páthin), Av. pantå, Russ. путь (put'), Goth. 𐍆𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (finþan), Eng. findan/find, Gm. findan/finden, ON finna, Arm. հուն (hun), Kamviri put, Old Prussian pentes, OIr. étain; áitt, OCS пѫть (pǫtĭ), Pers. paθim
*perd-	to fart	Russ. пердеть (perdet'), Pol. pierdzieć, Skr. पर्दते (párdate), Lith. persti, Ltv. pirst, Phryg. perdomai, Alb. pjerth; pordhë, Eng. feortan/fart, Gm. ferzan/furzen, ON freta, Gk. πέρδομαι (perdomai), Av. pərəðaiti, Welsh rhech
*perkʷu-	oak	see Perkwunos. Lat. quercus, Lith. Perkúnas, Ltv. pērkons, Skr. पर्कटी (parkaṭī), ON fura, Eng. furh/fir, Gm. foraha/Föhre, Welsh perth, Goth. faírguni, Alb. shpardh/shparr
*pers-	dust	Toch. pärs/pärs, Av. paršuya, Lith. purkšti, Ltv. pārsla, ON fors, Hitt. pappars, Skr. पृषत् (pṛ́ṣat), OCS прахъ (praxŭ), Russ. прах (prax)
*persn-eh₂-	heel	Lat. perna/pernis, Skr. पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi), Hitt. parsina, Goth. fairsna, Gm. fërsana/Ferse, Gk. πτέρνη (pternē), Eng. fiersn/— , Pers. -/پاشنا (pāshnā), Lith. pentinas, Russ. пятка (pjatka)
*perḱ-	rib	Lith. pìršys, Skr. पर्शु (párśu), Av. parəsu, Osset. фарс (fars), OCS prŭsi, Alb. parz(ëm)
*pes-	penis	Gk. πέος (peos), Lat. pēnis, Gm. faselt/Fasel, ON fösull, Eng. fæsl/-, Skr. पसस् (pásas)
*pet-	to fly	Eng. feþer/feather, Gm. fedara/Feder, ON fjǫðr, Lat. peto; penna; accipiter, Skr. पतति (pátati), Hitt. pattar, Gk. πτερόν; πίπτω; πέτομαι (petomai); ōkupétēs, Welsh eterin, Pers. udapatatā/, Arm. թիռ (tʿiṙ), Ir. ette/; én/, Welsh edn, Av. pataiti, Ltv. pētīt, Alb. shpendë
*pet-	to open arms	Gk. petannýnai, Lat. patēre; pandere, Av. paθana, OPruss pettis, Lith. petỹs, Eng. fæðm/fathom, ON faðmr, Gm. fadam/Faden; fademōn/, Scottish Gaelic aitheamh, Welsh edau, Alb. pjetem, Hitt. pattar
*ph₂tḗr	father	Lat. pater, Oscan 𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌓 (patír), Umbrian 𐌈𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 (iupater), Gk. πατήρ (patēr), Toch. pācar/pācer,Alb. bace, Arm. հայր (hayr), Gaul. ātir; Ateronius, Skr. पितृ (pitṛ́), Gm. fater/Vater, Ir. athir/athair, Eng. fæder/father, Welsh gwaladr; edryd; edrydd; edryf, Kashmiri petū'r, Avest. ptā (dat. fədrōi), Pers. 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (pitā) / پدر (pedar), Osset. фыд (fyd)/fidæ, ON faðir, Goth. 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂 (fadar)
*pisd-eh₂-	vulva	Russ. пизда (pizdá), Lith. pyzdà, Ltv. pīzda, Alb. pidh, Nuristani pəṛí, Pol. pizda
*pleh₂k-	to hit	Lat. plangō; plága, Eng. flōk/fluke; flōcan/, Gk. plēgḗ; πλήσσω (plēssō), OCS plakati, Russ. плакать (plakat', "to weep"), Lith. plakti, Ir. lén; léssaim, Alb. ploje, Goth. flōkan, ON flókinn, Gm. fluoh/Fluch
*pleḱ-	to plait/braid	Gk. πλέκω (plekō); plokē, Lat. plectere; plicare, ON flétta, Goth. flahto, Gm. flehtan/flechten, Eng. fleohtan/; /flax; /flex, Skr. प्रश्न (praśna), Av. ərəzato frašnəm, OCS плєсти (plestí), Russ. плести (plestí), Alb. plah; plaf, Lith. pinti
*pléw-mon-	lung	Lat. pulmō; pulmōnis, Gk. πλεύμων (pleumōn), Skr. क्लोमन् (klóman), Lith. plaučiai, Ltv. plaušas, Russ. плюче (pljuče), Old Prussian plauti, Serb. pluća, Pol. płuco
*plus-, *psul-, *pusl-, *bʰlus- (the original form distorted by folk etymologies)	flea	Lat. pūlex, Lith. blusà, Ltv. blusa, Russ. блоха (blokhá), Arm. լու (lu), Skr. प्लुषि (plúṣi), Gk. ψύλλα (psýlla), Alb. plesht, Pashto vrāž.a, ON fló, Eng. flēah/flea, Gm. flōh/Floh, Yidgha frīgo, Pol. pchła
*pénkʷe	five	Old Prussian pēnkjāi, Lith. penki, Ltv. pieci, Goth. fimf, Gm. fimf/fünf, Eng. fīf/five, ON fimm, Phryg. pinke, Gk. πέντε (pénte), Arm. հինգ (hing), Av. paṇča, Alb. pesë/pês, Kashmiri pā.~tsh, Kamviri puč, Luw. panta, Osset. фондз (fondz), Pers. پنج (panj), OCS пѧть (pętĭ), Russ. пять (pjat'), Skr. पञ्चन् (páñcan), Toch. päñ/piś, Lat. quinque, Oscan pompe, Umbrian 𐌐𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌄 (pumpe), Welsh pump, Ir. cóic/cúig, Gaul. pempe
*pnew-	to breathe	Gk. πνεῦμα (pneuma), ON fnýsa, Eng. fnēosan/sneeze Gm. fnehan/
*pṓds	foot	Lith. pėda, Ltv. pēda, Lat. pēs, Umbrian 𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌉 (peři), Skr. पद् (pád), Eng. fōt/foot, Arm. ոտն (otn), հետ (het), Gk. πούς (pous), Alb. poshtë; për-posh, Toch. peṃ/paiyye, Osset. фад (fad), Gm. fuoz/Fuß, OCS pēs, Russ. пеший (pešij), Old Prussian pe'da', Hitt. pata, Lyc. pede-, Luw. pati-, Av. pâdha, ON fótr, Goth. 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 (fotus), Pers. 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (pāda) / پا (pā), Gaul. candetum, MIr. ined, XMK argiopus
*poymno-	foam	Lat. pūmex; spuma, Lith. spaine, Skr. फेन (phéna), OCS pĕna, Russ. пена (pena), Pol. piana, Eng. fām/foam, Gm. feim/Feim, Osset. фынк (fynk), Old Prussian spoayno
*porḱo-	farrow	Lat. porcus, Gk pórkos, Lith. paršas, Old Pruss. parstian, Russ. поросята (porosjata), Pol. prosić się, Eng. fearh/farrow, Ir. orc/orcán, Gm. farah/Ferkel, Umbrian purka, Kurd. purs, Saka pāsa
*pray-	to like	Skr. प्रीणाति (prīṇā́ti), OCS prĕjǫ, Russ. прижать (prižat'), Pol. przać (Silesian regionalism), Ltv. prieks, Gk. πρᾶος (praos), Av. frā/, Goth. freis; frijōn, Eng. /free; frēond/friend, Gm. friunt/Freund, ON Frigg, Welsh rhydd, Ir. ríar/
*prew-	to jump	Russ. прыгать (prygat'), Skr. प्रवते (pravate), Gm. frosc/Frosch, Eng. frogga/frog, ON froskr, Lith. sprūgstu/sprūgti, Alb. fryj, Pers. (paredan) پریدن
*preḱ-	to ask, to pray	Lat. poscō, Toch. prak/prek, Skr. पृच्छति (pṛccháti), Arm. հարց (harcʿ), OCS prositi, Russ. просить (prosit'), Lith. piršti, Ltv. pirstlis, Gm. frāga/fragen; forscōn/forschen, Eng. frignan/—, ON fregna, Goth. fraihnan, Pers. fraθ- / پرسیدن (pursīdan), Av. pərəsaiti, Oscan aparsam, MWelsh erchi/archaf, Ir. arco/, Toch. pärk/prek, Umbrian pepurkurent
*prih₁-mó- / *prō-to-	foremost (-> first)	Alb. parë, Av. parvō, Lith. pirmas, Ltv. pirmais, Gm. furist/Fürst; fruo/früh, Eng. fyrst/first, Gk. πρότερος (proteros), Hitt. para, Ir. rem/roimh, Kamviri pürük, Lyc. pri, OCS pĭrvŭ, Oscan perum, ON fyrstr, Old Prussian pariy, Osset. фыццаг (fyccag, "first"); фараст (farast, "nine"), Russ. первый (pervyj), Skr. pūrvā; प्रथम (prathamá), Toch. parwät/parwe, Lat. primus, Umbrian pert, Welsh rwyf, OIr. arsaid
*psten-	breast	Gk. στῆθος (stēthos), Arm. ստին (stin), Skr. स्तन (stána), Av. fštāna, Lith. spenys, Ltv. spenis, ON speni, Gm. spunni/Spanferkel, Ir. sine/sine, Old Pruss. spenis, Pers. /پستان (pestān), Eng. spane/
*puHr-	wheat	Skr. पूर (pūra), Gk. πυρός (puros)/, Lith. pūrai, Ltv. pūŗi, Old Prussian pure, Eng. fyrs/furze, OCS pyre, Russ. пырей (pyrej)
*pulh₂-	hair	Skr. pulakās; (पुलस्ति (pulastí), पुलक (pulaka)), Ir. ul/ulcha, Gk. pýligges; (πυλεών (puleōn)), Kurd. pūr, Pashto pal
*péh₂wr̥- (gen. *ph₂un-ós)	bonfire	Hitt. 𒉺𒀪𒄯 (paḫḫur), Toch. por/pūwar, Gk. πῦρ (pýr), Umbrian pir, ON fúrr, Eng. fȳr/fire, Czech pyr, Arm. հուր (hur), Gm. fiur/Feuer, Old Prussian panno, Oscan purasiai, Goth. 𐍆𐍉𐌽 (fōn)