Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koski

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *kośke.

Noun

*koski

1. a continuous series of relatively small waterfalls in a stream, rapid

   Synonym: *juka

Inflection

Inflection of *koski

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*koski	*koskët
accusative		*koskën	*koskët
genitive		*koskën	*koskëdën *koskidën
partitive		*koskëda	*koskida
inessive		*koskëssa *koskëhna	*koskissa *koskihna
elative		*koskësta	*koskista
illative		*koskëhën	*koskihën
adessive		*koskëlla	*koskilla
ablative		*koskëlta	*koskilta
allative		*koskëlën *koskëlëk	*koskilën *koskilëk
essive		*koskëna	*koskina
translative		*koskëksi	*koskiksi
instructive		*koskën	*koskin
comitative		*koskënëk	*koskinëk
abessive		*koskëtta	*koskitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kosk
• Finnish: koski
• Karelian: koski
• Livvi: koski
• Ludian: kosk
• Veps: kosk

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic [Term?]. Cognate with Hungarian hárs.

Noun

*koski

1. spruce bark, thick bark

Inflection

Inflection of *koski

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*koski	*koskët
accusative		*koskën	*koskët
genitive		*koskën	*koskëdën *koskidën
partitive		*koskëda	*koskida
inessive		*koskëssa *koskëhna	*koskissa *koskihna
elative		*koskësta	*koskista
illative		*koskëhën	*koskihën
adessive		*koskëlla	*koskilla
ablative		*koskëlta	*koskilta
allative		*koskëlën *koskëlëk	*koskilën *koskilëk
essive		*koskëna	*koskina
translative		*koskëksi	*koskiksi
instructive		*koskën	*koskin
comitative		*koskënëk	*koskinëk
abessive		*koskëtta	*koskitta

Descendants

From *koski:

• Estonian: (dialectal) kosk
• Livonian: kuosk
  • → Latvian: kaska, koska
• Võro: kosk'

From *kosku-:

• Finnish: (dialectal) koskut, kosku, koskus
• Ingrian: kosut
• Karelian: koskus, koskut
• Ludian: koskud
• ⇒ Veps: koskhaine
• Votic: (Mati) kõsku

Further reading

• Entry #350 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kosku”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN