Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baraz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰors- or *bʰor-es- (more traditionally reconstructed as *bʰars-), the further origin of which is uncertain; possibly from or related to *bʰers- (“tip, bristle; pointy, prickly”) (compare *barsaz, *burstiz), the sense of which may be preserved in the North Germanic descendants. For the semantic development, compare Albanian halë (“pointed tip, splinter; awn; pine needle”).
Cognate with Latin far n (“spelt; grits”) and fārīna f (“flour”), Faliscan 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far, “emmer wheat”), Proto-Slavic *boršьno (“flour”), Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf”), Welsh bara (“bread”), Breton bara (“bread”), Old Cornish bara, Albanian bar (“grass”), Proto-Slavic *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”) and perhaps Latvian barĩba (“food”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Inflection[edit]
| z-stemDeclension of *baraz (z-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *baraz | *barizō | |
| vocative | *baraz | *barizō | |
| accusative | *baraz | *barizō | |
| genitive | *bariziz | *barizǫ̂ | |
| dative | *barizi | *barizumaz | |
| instrumental | *barizē | *barizumiz | |
Derived terms[edit]
- *barizaz (“barley”) (thematicized from the oblique stem)[1]
Descendants[edit]
- Old Norse: barr (“barley; pine needles”)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bariz- ~ *barza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 52
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ƀaraz ~ *ƀariz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*barizīnaz[sic]”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 37