Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/felma-

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably an original men-stem from Proto-Indo-European *pélmō which was re-formed as if from *pél-mo-s, from the root *pel- (“hide, skin; to cover, wrap”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλμα (pélma, “sole of the foot”), which is from *pélmn̥.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸel.maz/
• IPA^(key): /ˈɸel.mɔːː/

Noun

*felma- m

1. (West Germanic) covering, skin, hide, fleece

Inflection

Possible original an-stem paradigm:

masculine an-stemDeclension of *felmô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*felmô	*felmaniz
vocative	*felmô	*felmaniz
accusative	*felmanų	*felmanunz
genitive	*filminiz	*felmanǫ̂
dative	*filmini	*felmammaz
instrumental	*filminē	*felmammiz

If it was an a-stem:

masculine a-stemDeclension of *felmaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*felmaz	*felmōz, *felmōs
vocative	*felm	*felmōz, *felmōs
accusative	*felmą	*felmanz
genitive	*felmas, *filmis	*felmǫ̂
dative	*filmai	*felmamaz
instrumental	*felmō	*felmamiz

Derived terms

• *filmīn-

Related terms

• *fellą

Descendants

In the Anglo-Frisian languages, derived forms seem to have supplanted the inherited forms.

• Proto-West Germanic: *felm-; *filmīn-
  • Old English: *felma (in compound ǣġerfelma); filmen, fylmen (< *filmīn-)
    • Middle English: filme
      • Scots: fillum, feelim
      • English: film
  • Old Frisian: filmene (< *filmīn-)
  • Old Dutch: *felm
    • Middle Dutch: velm, vilm m
  • Old High German: felm m

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*felma(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135