Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/griwjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁u-, *ǵʰreh₁- (“to dawn, shine”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒊒𒌑 (ka-ru-ú, “early; up to now”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣriw.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*griwjaną

1. to dawn, begin to shine

Inflection

Conjugation of *griwjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*griwjō	*griwjaų	—	*griwjai	?
2nd singular	*griwisi	*griwjais	*griwi	*griwjasai	*griwjaisau
3rd singular	*griwiþi	*griwjai	*griwjaþau	*griwjaþai	*griwjaiþau
1st dual	*griwjōs	*griwjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*griwjaþiz	*griwjaiþiz	*griwjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*griwjamaz	*griwjaim	—	*griwjanþai	*griwjainþau
2nd plural	*griwiþ	*griwjaiþ	*griwiþ	*griwjanþai	*griwjainþau
3rd plural	*griwjanþi	*griwjain	*griwjanþau	*griwjanþai	*griwjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*griwidǭ	*griwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*griwidēz	*griwidēdīz
3rd singular	*griwidē	*griwidēdī
1st dual	*griwidēdū	*griwidēdīw
2nd dual	*griwidēdudiz	*griwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*griwidēdum	*griwidēdīm
2nd plural	*griwidēdud	*griwidēdīd
3rd plural	*griwidēdun	*griwidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*griwjandz	*griwidaz

Related terms

• *greukōną

Descendants

• Old Norse: *grýja (attested nominalization)
  • Norwegian: gry
  • Old Swedish: *grȳia, grȳ
    • Swedish: gry
  • Old Danish: *grȳ
    • Danish: gry
  • Elfdalian: gry
  • Gutnish: grya
  • Faroese: gliggja (possibly; if it continues earlier *griggja)