Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *knobʰnéh₂-, an o-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ- (“to pick”). Related to Lithuanian knabt (“to peck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxnɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnappōną

1. to pick, pluck, tear off

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hnapp- against *hnab-.

Conjugation of *hnappōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnappō	*hnappǭ	—	*hnappōi	?
2nd singular	*hnappōsi	*hnappōs	*hnappō	*hnappōsai	*hnappōsau
3rd singular	*hnappōþi	*hnappō	*hnappōþau	*hnappōþai	*hnappōþau
1st dual	*hnappōs	*hnappōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnappōþiz	*hnappōþiz	*hnappōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnappōmaz	*hnappōm	—	*hnappōnþai	*hnappōnþau
2nd plural	*hnappōþ	*hnappōþ	*hnappōþ	*hnappōnþai	*hnappōnþau
3rd plural	*hnappōnþi	*hnappōn	*hnappōnþau	*hnappōnþai	*hnappōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnappōdǭ	*hnappōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnappōdēz	*hnappōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hnappōdē	*hnappōdēdī
1st dual	*hnappōdēdū	*hnappōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hnappōdēdudiz	*hnappōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnappōdēdum	*hnappōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hnappōdēdud	*hnappōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hnappōdēdun	*hnappōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hnappōndz	*hnappōdaz

Related terms

• *hnuppōną

Descendants

• (possibly) English: nap, nab
• Old Norse: *hnappa
  • Norwegian: nappe (dialectal)
    • Norwegian Bokmål: nappe (dialectal)
  • Old Swedish: nappa
    • Swedish: nappa
    • → Finnic:
      • Estonian: nappama (dialectal)
      • Finnish: napata
      • Ingrian: napata
      • Karelian: ńapata

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN