Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/putōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bud- (“to shoot, sprout”); if so, then possibly cognate with Sanskrit बुन्द (bundá, “arrow”), Lithuanian budė, budis (“mushroom, fungus”). However, there are two problems with this theory:

• The phoneme *b is either rare or non-existent in Proto-Indo-European.
• A Proto-Indo-European root normally does not contain two voiced stops.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*putōną

1. to stick, stab, poke
2. to push

Inflection

Conjugation of *putōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*putō	*putǭ	—	*putōi	?
2nd singular	*putōsi	*putōs	*putō	*putōsai	*putōsau
3rd singular	*putōþi	*putō	*putōþau	*putōþai	*putōþau
1st dual	*putōs	*putōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*putōþiz	*putōþiz	*putōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*putōmaz	*putōm	—	*putōnþai	*putōnþau
2nd plural	*putōþ	*putōþ	*putōþ	*putōnþai	*putōnþau
3rd plural	*putōnþi	*putōn	*putōnþau	*putōnþai	*putōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*putōdǭ	*putōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*putōdēz	*putōdēdīz
3rd singular	*putōdē	*putōdēdī
1st dual	*putōdēdū	*putōdēdīw
2nd dual	*putōdēdudiz	*putōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*putōdēdum	*putōdēdīm
2nd plural	*putōdēdud	*putōdēdīd
3rd plural	*putōdēdun	*putōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*putōndz	*putōdaz

Related terms

• *putjaną

Descendants

• Old English: *putian, potian; pȳtan (?)
  • Middle English: puten, putten, poten
    • Scots: put, putt, pit; powter, pouter, pudder
    • English: put, pote, putt; putter, potter
• Old Saxon: *potōn
  • Middle Low German: pōten, potten
    • German Low German: pötern
• Old Dutch: *potōn
  • Middle Dutch: pōten; pōteren
    • Dutch: poten; peuteren
• Old High German: *pozzōn
  • Middle High German: pozzen
• Old Norse: pota
  • Icelandic: pota
  • Norwegian: pota, pote; putte
  • Swedish: putta, potta, pötta; påta
  • Danish: putte