Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/ḱḗr

This entry contains Proto-Indo-European reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*ḱḗr n

1. heart

Declension

Hysterokinetic inflection.

Declension of *ḱḗr

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḱḗr	*ḱérdih₁	*ḱérd(e)h₂
Vocative	*ḱḗr	*ḱérdih₁	*ḱérd(e)h₂
Accusative	*ḱḗr	*ḱérdih₁	*ḱérd(e)h₂
Instrumental	*ḱr̥déh₁	?	*ḱr̥dbʰí
Dative	*ḱr̥déy	?	*ḱr̥dmós
Ablative	*ḱr̥dés	?	*ḱr̥dmós
Genitive	*ḱr̥dés	?	*ḱr̥dmóHom
Locative	*ḱérd(i)	?	*ḱr̥dsú

Descendants

• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒆠𒅕 (kir)
  • Luwian:

    Hieroglyphic: za-ra/i-za

    Cuneiform: 𒍝𒀀𒅈𒍝 (^UZUzārza)

  • Lycian: 𐊋𐊕𐊆𐊅𐊁 (kride)
  • Palaic: kart-
• Armenian: *ḱḗrdi-
  • Old Armenian: սիրտ (sirt)
    • Armenian: սիրտ (sirt)
• Baltic:
  • Lithuanian: širdis
  • Latvian: sirds
  • Old Prussian: seyr
• Celtic: *kred-, *kridjo-
  • Old Irish: cride
    • Irish: croí
    • Manx: cree
    • Scottish Gaelic: cridhe
  • Welsh: craidd
• Proto-Germanic: *hertô
  • Old English: heorte
    • English: heart
    • Scots: hert
  • Old Frisian: herte
    • Frisian: hert
  • Old Saxon: herta
  • Old Dutch herta
    • Middle Dutch: herte, harte
      • Dutch: hart
  • Old High German: herza
    • German: Herz
  • Old Norse: hjarta
    • Icelandic: hjarta
    • Faroese: hjarta
    • Norwegian:
      • Bokmål: hjerte
      • Nynorsk: hjarta, hjarte
    • Old Swedish: hiærta
      • Swedish: hjärta
    • Danish: hjerte
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairto)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: καρδία (kardiā)
    • Greek: καρδιά (kardiá)
• Italic:
  • Latin: cor
    • Aragonese: corazón
    • Catalan: cor
    • Esperanto: koro
    • Old French: cuer
      • Middle French: coeur, cueur
        • French: cœur
        • Creole (Reunion Island): kér (کۧیر)
    • Interlingua: corde
    • Italian: cuore
    • Occitan: còr
    • Portuguese: coração
    • Spanish: corazón
• Indo-Iranian:
  • Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: हृदय (hṛdaya)
      • Bengali: হৃদয় (hṛdoẏ)
      • Hindi: हृदय (hṛday), हृदा (hŕdā)
      • Urdu: ہردی (hṛday), ہردا (hŕdā)
  • Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬁 (zərədā)
    • Baluchi: دل (dil)
    • Persian: دل (del)
      • Hindustani: दिल (dil)/دل (dil) (borrowed)
    • Kurdish: dil
    • Ossetic: зæрдæ (zærdæ)
    • Pashto: زړه zrrə
    • Zazaki: zerri
  • Nuristani:
    • Kamviri: zâra
• Proto-Slavic: *sьrdьce
  • Old Church Slavonic: срьдьцє (srьdьce) (Glagolitic: ⰔⰓⰠⰄⰠⰜⰅ)
    • Belarusian: сэрца (serca)
    • Bulgarian: сърце
    • Czech: srdce
    • Kashubian: serce
    • Macedonian: срце (srce)
    • Polish: serce
    • Russian: сердце (serdce)
    • Serbo-Croatian: srce/срце
    • Slovak: srdce
    • Slovene: srce
    • Ukrainian: серце (serce)
• Tocharian: *käryā-
  • Tocharian A: kri
  • Tocharian B: käryāñ