Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/ḱwṓ

This entry contains Proto-Indo-European reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*ḱwṓ m

1. dog

Declension

Hysterokinetic inflection.

Declension of *ḱwṓ

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḱwṓ	*ḱwónh₁e	*ḱwónes
Vocative	*ḱwón	*ḱwónh₁e	*ḱwónes
Accusative	*ḱwónm̥	*ḱwónh₁e	*ḱwónn̥s
Instrumental	*ḱunéh₁	?	*ḱwn̥bʰí
Dative	*ḱunéy	?	*ḱwn̥mós
Ablative	*ḱunés	?	*ḱwn̥mós
Genitive	*ḱunés	?	*ḱunóHom
Locative	*ḱwón(i)	?	*ḱwn̥sú

Descendants

• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒆪𒉿𒀸 (kuwas) (accusative kuwanan)
  • Luwian:

    Hieroglyphic: zúwa/in(i)-

    Cuneiform:

  • Lydian: kan-
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: շուն (šun)
    • Armenian: շուն (šun)
• Baltic:
  • Latvian: suns
  • Lithuanian: šuõ (gen. šuñs)
  • Old Prussian: sunnis
• Celtic: *kū (gen. *kunos)
  • Old Irish: cú (gen. coin)
    • Irish: cú
    • Scottish Gaelic: cù
  • Brythonic:
    • Breton: ki (singular kon)
    • Cornish: ki
    • Welsh: ci (pl. cwn)
  • Gaulish: cuna
• Dacian: kinu-
• Germanic: *hundaz (< *ḱun-tós or *ḱwn̥-tós)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: κύων (kúōn)
    • Greek: κύων (kíon)
    • (> English: cynic)
• Illyrian: Can-
• Indo-Iranian:
  • Iranian:
    • Eastern Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā)
      • Khotanese: śve
      • Pashto: سپی (spay)
    • Western Iranian: *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs"
      • Alviri-Vidari:

        Vidari: اسبه (asbe)

      • Kurdish:
        • Kurmanji: se
        • Sorani: سەگ (seg)
      • Median: σπάκα (spáka)
      • Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭡𐭠 (sak, sag)
        • Persian: سگ (sag)
  • Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: श्वन् (śvā́) (gen. śúnas)
      • Pali: sā, सोण (soṇa)
      • Prakrit: sāṇa
    • Dardic:
      • Kashmiri: hūn
• Italic:
  • Latin: canis
    • Ibero-Romance:
      • Aragonese: can
      • Asturian: can
      • Old Portuguese: can
        • Galician: can
        • Portuguese: cão
      • Spanish: can
    • Gallo-Romance:
      • Catalan: ca
      • Occitan: can
      • Old French:
        • French: chien
    • Rhaeto-Romance:
      • Ladin: cian
      • Romansch: chaun
    • Italo-Romance:
      • Italian: cane
      • Sardinian: cani
    • Eastern Romance
      • Aromanian: cãne
      • Megleno-Romanian: cǫini
      • Romanian: câine
• Phrygian: kunes
• Slavic:
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: сука (súka)
    • Russian: сука (súka)
    • Ukrainian: сука (súka)
  • South Slavic:
    • Serbo-Croatian: сука (suka)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: suka
    • Slovak: suka
• Thracian: dinu-
• Tocharian: *ku
  • Tocharian A: ku (oblique koṃ)
  • Tocharian B: ku (oblique kweṃ)