Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ep-

This entry contains Proto-Indo-European reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂ep-

1. water, body of water

See also

• *h₂ekʷeh₂
• *wódr̥

Descendants

• Anatolian: *h₂epo ("river")
  • Hittite: ... (hapa)
  • Luwian: ... (hāpa) / ... (hāpi)
  • Palaic: hāpna
  • Lycian: 𐊜𐊂𐊀 (χba) / 𐊜𐊂𐊀𐊆 (χbai) ("to irrigate")
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: ափն (apʿn) ("coast")
    • Armenian: ափ (apʿ) ("coast")
  • Old Armenian: հաւառի (hawaṙi)
• Baltic: *upiā̃ ("brook, river")
  • Latvian: upe ("brook, river")
  • Lithuanian: ùpė ("brook, river")
  • Old Prussian: ape (< *apiā̃)
• Celtic: *abū (“river”) (< *h₂eph₃ōn-)
  • Old Irish: aub
    • Irish: abhainn
    • Scottish Gaelic: abhainn
    • Manx: awin
• Celtic: *abonā
  • Brythonic:
  • Welsh: afon
  • Cornish: avon
  • Breton: avon, aven
• Germanic: *ōberaz (“riverbank, shore”)
  • Old English: ōfer
  • West Frisian: ouwer, oere
  • Dutch: oever
  • German: Ufer
• Hellenic: *āperjos
  • Ancient Greek: ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros) ("mainland")
• Indo-Iranian: *hap
  • Sanskrit: अप् (áp)
  • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (apiya)
    • Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭯 (āp)
      • Persian: آب (âb)
  • Kurdish: av (Kurmanji), aw (Sorani)
  • Avestan: 𐬀𐬞 (ap)
• Italic:
  • Latin: amnis (< *afni)
    • French: amnicole
  • Oscan: 𐌀𐌀𐌐𐌀
• Tocharian:
  • West Tocharian: āp
  • East Tocharian: āp