Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/só

Proto-Indo-European

This entry deals with Proto-Indo-European reconstructed forms, forms that are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Pronoun

*só m., *séh₂ f., *tód n.

1. this
2. that

Declension

Declension of *só	Singular			Dual			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*só	*séh₂	*tód	*tóh₁	?	*tóy	*tóy	*téh₂es	*téh₂
Accusative	*tóm	*téh₂m	*tód	*tóh₁	?	*tóy	*tóns	*téh₂ns	*téh₂
Instrumental	*tónoh₁	*téh₂(e)h₁	*tónoh₁	?	?	?	*tṓys	*téh₂bʰi	*tṓys
Dative	*tósmey	*tósyeh₂ey	*tósmey	?	?	?	*tóymos	*téh₂mos	*tóymos
Ablative	*tósmead	*tósyeh₂s	*tósmead	?	?	?	*tóymos	*téh₂mos	*tóymos
Genitive	*tósyo	*tósyeh₂s	*tósyo	?	?	?	*tóysoHom	*téh₂soHom	*tóysoHom
Locative	*tósmi	*tósyeh₂	*tósmi	?	?	?	*tóysu	*téh₂su	*tóysu

Descendants

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: -դ (-d)
    • Armenian: -դ (-d)
• Germanic: *sa
  • Old English: sē
    • English: the, that, those
  • Old Frisian: thī
    • West Frisian: de, dy
  • Old Saxon: thē
  • Old Dutch: thie
    • Dutch: de, die
      • Afrikaans: die, dat
  • Old High German: dēr
    • German: der
  • Old Norse: sá
    • Icelandic: sá
    • Swedish: den, det, de
    • Danish: den, det, de
    • Norwegian:
      • Bokmål: den, det, de
      • Nynorsk: det, dei
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐌰 (sa)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ὁ, ἡ, τό
• Sanskrit: स (sá), सा (sā), तद् (tád)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tos, *ta, *tod
  • Baltic:
    • Latvian: tas, ta
    • Lithuanian: tas, ta
    • Old Prussian:
  • Proto-Slavic: *tъ
    • East Slavic:
      • Belarusian: той (toj)
      • Russian: тот (tot), этот (etot)
      • Ukrainian: той (toj)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic: тъ (tŭ), та (ta), то (to)
      • Bosnian: taj
      • Bulgarian: тоя (toja)
      • Macedonian: тоа
      • Serbo-Croatian: тај (taj)
      • Slovene: ta
    • West Slavic:
      • Czech: ten
      • Kashubian:
      • Polish: ten
      • Polabian:
      • Slovak: ten
      • Sorbian:
        • Lower Sorbian: ten
        • Upper Sorbian: tón