Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/duk ~ tuk

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This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

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Etymology

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  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dəkw (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *duk ⪤ *tuk (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972)

Root

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*duk ~ tuk

  1. poison; poisonous, toxic; to poison

Descendants

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  • Old Chinese: /*dˤuk/ (poison), /*m-dˤuk-s/ (to poison) (B-S); /*duːɡ/ (PW)
    • Middle Chinese: /duok/
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5=dok
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**:

Japanese:  (どく, ​doku)
Korean:  (, dok)
Vietnamese: độc ()

    • Vietnamese: nọc (venom, poison) (?)

      • Mandarin:
        • Beijing: () /tu³⁵/
      • Cantonese:
        • Guangzhou-Hong Kong: (duk6) /tʊk̚²/
      • Wu:
        • Shanghainese: /d̻ʊ̆ʔ¹²/
    • Min:
      • Coastal Min:
        • Min Nan:
          • Hokkien:
            • Taiwan: /tʰaʊ³³/ (colloquial) (to poison), /tok̚⁵/ (literary) (toxin, toxic)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: དུག (dug, poison, toxin), གདུག (gdug) / གདུག་པ (gdug pa, vicious, evil, harmful, poisonous)
            • Modern Tibetan (Lhasa): /tʰuʔ˩˧˨/ ("poison")
      • Lepcha: ᰌᰨᰭ (dok, ill) (?)
  • Tangut-Qiang
    • Northern Tangut
      • Tangut: 𗀀 (*do¹, poison)
    • rGyalrongic
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      /*ʔdok/ (Matisoff, 1972)
      • Burmish
        • Burmese: တောက် (tauk, to suffer from toxicity, to be ill; to be poisonous)
      • Loloish
        Proto-Loloish: *dokᴸ (Bradley, 1979)
        • Northern Loloish
          • Yi (Liangshan): (ddut, poison; to be poisoned)
  • Sal