Appendix:Spanish verbs/a

-AR

• abalanzar (abalanz-) weigh,balance

  abalanzarse (abalanz-) rush, pounce

• abandonar (abandon-) to abandon, leave, forsake, give up
• abanicar (abanic-) to fan

  abanicarse (abanic-) to fan oneself

• abaratar abarat-) to make cheaper

  abaratarse (abarat-) to go down in price

• abarcar (abarc-)to cover, embrace, take in
• abarrotar (abarrot-) to stow, pack tightly
• abdicar (abdic-) to abdicate, relinquish
• abjurar (abjur-) to forswear, abjure
• ablandar (abland-) to soften, soothe

  abnegarse (abneg-) to deny oneself

• abocar (aboc-) to seize with the mouth

  abocarse (aboc-) to approach, meet

• abochornar (abochorn-) to embarrass, burn up, overheat
• abofetear (abofete-) to slap in the face
• abogar (abog-) to advocate, plead
• abollar (aboll-) to dent, bruise
• abombar (abomb-) to warp, make convex, stun
• abominar (abomin-) to abominate, abhor
• abonar (abon-) to guarantee

  abonarse (abon-) to subscribe

• abordar (abord-/to board, dock
• aborregar (aborreg-) to tame, subdue

  aborregarse (aborreg-) to follow, cloud over

• abortar (abort-) to abort

  abotargarse (abotargar-) to be unable to think straight

• abotonar (aboton-) to button up
• abrasar (abras-) to burn up, scorch

  abrasarse (abras-) to be parched

• abrazar (abraz-, 1st z-c /θ/) to hug, embrace, clasp, cling
• abreviar (abrevi-) to abreviate, reduce
• abrigar (abrig-) to shelter, protect

  abrigarse (abrig-) to take shelter, wrap up

• abrochar (abroch-) to button, hook
• abrumar (abrum-) to crush, oppress
• abuchear (abuche-) to boo at, jeer/at
• abultar (abult-) to make large, enlarge
• abundar (abund-) to abound in, be rich in
• abusar (abus-) to abuse, misuse
• acabar (acab-) to complete, finish, end

  acabarse (acab-) to stop, come to an end

• acallar (acall-) to silence, hush
• acalorar (acalor-) to get warm, make hot

  acalorarse (acalor-) to get too hot, become overheated

• acampar (acamp-) to camp, go camping
• acanallar (acanall-) to debase, humiliate
• acaparar (acapar-) to monopolize, corner/the market in
• acariciar (acarici-) to pet, caress, fondle
• acarrear (acarre-) to transport, cart, haul

  acartonarse (acarton-) to get stiff, become wizened

• acatar (acat-) to respect, esteem
• acaudillar (acaudill-) to lead, command
• accionar (accion-) to work, gesticulate, signal
• acechar (acech-) to spy on, lie in wait for
• acelerar (aceler-) to accelerate, hasten, hurry, speed
• acentuar (u-ú acentú-) to stress, accent, accentuate

  acentuarse (u-ú acentú-) to make more noticable

• aceptar (acept-) to accept
• acercar (acerc-, 1stc-qu /k/ ) to bring close, place close/by, to approach

  acercarse (acerc-, 1stc-qu) to approach, come nearer

• acertar (aciert-, e-ie) to hit the mark, hit upon, succeed
• achacar (achac-/1stc-qu) to attribute to, impute to
• achantar (achant-) to scare

  achantarse (achant-) to back down, go on

• achicar (achic-/1stc-qu) to make smaller, intimidate

  achicarse (achic-/1stc-qu) to lose/heart

• achicharrar (achicharr-) to fry crisp, overcook,burn

  achicharrarse (achicharr-) to get burnt

• achuchar (achuch-) to squeeze, urge on
• acicalar (acical-) to polish, clean, dress up

  acicalarse (acical-) to get dressed up

• aclamar (aclam-) to acclaim, applaud, shout, hail
• aclarar (aclar-) to explain, clarify, make clear/

  aclararse (aclar-) to make up one’s mind

• aclimatar (aclimat-) to acclimatize, get used to

  aclimatarse (aclimat-) to get acclimatized

• acobardar (acobard-) to intimidate

  acobardarse (acobard-) to flinch, shrink

• acolchar (acolch-) to quilt, pad
• acomodar (acomod-) to arrange, find room for, fit

  acomodarse (acomod-) to comply, adapt

• acompañar (acompañ-) to accompany, go along
• acomplejar (acomplej-) to give a complex

  acomplejarse (acomplej-) to develop a complex

• acondicionar (acondicion-) to arrange, prepare
• acongojar (acongoj-) to distress, aggrieve

  acongojarse (acongoj-) to become distressed

• aconsejar (aconsej-) to counsel, advise
• acopiar (acopi-) to gather/together, collect
• acoplar (acopl-) to join, couple, fit together
• aconquinar (aconquin-) to pay
• acordar (o-ue/acuerd-) to remember, resolve, decide, agree upon

  acordarse (o-ue/acuerd-;acord-) to agree, remember

• acordonar (acordon-) to tie up, cordon off
• acorralar (acorral-) to pen, corral
• acortar (o-ue acuert-) to shorten, cut down
• acosar (acos-) to pursue, harrass
• acostar (o-ue/acuest-) to put to bed, lay down, stretch

  acostarse (o-ue acuest-) to go do bed, lie down

• acostumbrar (acostumbr-) to be accustomed, be in the habit of

  acostumbrarse (acostumbr-) to accustom oneself

• acotar (acot-) to survey, mark out, annotate
• acrecentar (acrecent-) to increase, promote
• acreditar (acredit-) to accredit, credit
• acribillar (acribill-/to pepper, riddle, pester
• activar (activ-) to activate, energize, speed up
• actualizar (actualic-/1stc-qu) to realize, make happen
• actuar (-úo/actú-) to put into action, act
• acuchillar (acuchill-) to knife, cut, cut open, slash
• acuciar (acuci-) to urge on, hasten, prod (on)
• acumular (acumul-) to accumulate

  acumularse (acumul-) to build up, accumulate, gather

• acunar (acun-) to rock (a cradle)
• acuñar (acuñ-) to mint, coin, strike
• acurrucarse/acurruc-/1stc-qu/to squat, curl up, snuggle
• acusar/acus-/to accuse/

  acusarse/acus-/to confess

• adaptar/adapt-/to adapt

  adaptarse/adapt-/to adapt oneself (to)

• adecentar/adecent-/to make decent, tidy up
• adecuar/u-ú/adecú-/to fit, adapt
• adelantar/adelant-/to advance, front, keep on, gain

  adelantarse/adelant-/to go forward, go ahead

• adelgazar (adelgaz-/to make thin, purify, refine
• adentrar/adentr-/to go into, get into

  adentrarse/adentr-/to go into get into

• aderezar/aderez-/to prepare, get ready, embellish

  aderezarse/aderez-/to prepare

• adeudar (adeud-/to owe, be liable for
• adeudarse/adeud-/to run into debt
• adherir/i-ie adhier-/to stick to
• adherirse/i-ie adhier-/to espouse
• adiestrar/adiestr-/to train, guide
• adivinar/adivin-/to guess, divine, foretell

  adivinarse/adivin-/to prophesy, foretell

• adjetivar/adjetiv-/to describe
• adjudicar/1stc-qu adjudic-/to adjudge, pronounce, award

  adjudicarse/1stc-qu adjudic-/to appropriate

• adjuntar (adjunt-/to append, enclose
• administrar (administr-/to administer/
• admirar (admir-/to admire
• admirarse/admir-/to be suprised, wonder
• admitir (admit-/to admit, accept
• adobar/adob-/to dress, prepare
• adoptar/adopt-/to adopt
• adorar/ador-/to adore, worship
• adornar/adorn-/to adorn, decorate
• adueñarse/adueñ-/to take over
• adular/adul-/to flatter, make up to
• adulterar/adulter-/to adulterate, make impure
• afanar/afan-/to nick, pinch
• afanarse/afan-/to toil, work hard
• afear/afe-/to make ugly
• afectar/afect-/to affect, feign, pretend
• afeitar/afeit-/to shave

  afeitarse/afeit-/to have a shave

• aferrar/aferr-/to grapple, seize

  aferrarse/aferr-/to grapple, cling

• afianzar/afianz-/to support

  afianzarse/afianz-/to support, prop up

• aficionar/aficion-/to make someone keen

  aficionarse/aficion-/to get fond of, take (a fancy) to

• afilar (afil-) to sharpen

  afilarse (afil-) to get sharp

• afinar/afin-/to perfect, polish, tune
• afincarse/afinc-/to settle down
• afirmar/afirm-/to affirm
• aflojar/afloj-/to slacken, loosen, release

  aflojarse/afloj-/to slack off, work loose

• aflorar/aflor-/to crop out, crop up, outcrop
• afrontar/afront-/to confront, bring face to face
• agachar/agach-/to lower, bend down

  agacharse/agach-/to crouch, duck

• agarrar/agarr-/to grab, seize, grasp, get hold of

  agarrarse/agarr-/to grasp one another, grapple

• agasajar/agasaj-/to treat kindly, make much of
• agilizar/agiliz-/to speed up
• agitar/agit-/to shake up, agitate, stir/up, wave

  agitarse/agit-/to shake, wave to and fro

• aglomerar/aglomer-/to form a mass, crowd together
• aglomerarse/aglomer-/to crowd together
• agobiar/agobi-/to weigh down, burden
• agobiarse/agobi-/to be weighed down with
• agolparse/agolp-/to crowd together, throng
• agonizar/agoniz-/1stz-c/to be dyin
• agotar/agot-/to use/up, exhaust
• agotarse/agot-/to be(come) exhausted
• agradar/agrad-/to please, be pleasing to
• agrandar/agrand-/to enlarge, grow larger, increase/
• agrandarse/agrand-/to grow, make bigger, enlarge
• agravar/agrav-/to aggravate, make/worse, burden
• agravarse/agrav-/to worsen
• agraviar/-ío/agraví-/to offend, outrage, hurt, wrong
• agregar/agreg-/1stg-gu/to add, collect, collate, gather/
• agriar/(-ío)/(agrí-) agri-/to sour, embitter, turn sour

  agriarse/(-ío)/(agrí-) agri-/to turn sour

• agrietar/agriet-/to crack open
• agrietarse/agriet-/to get cracked, chap
• agrupar/agrup-/to group, form groups

  agruparse/agrup-/to crowd together

• aguantar/aguant-/to endure, tolerate, put up with
• aguantarse/aguant-/to hold oneself back
• aguardar/aguard-/to expect, wait for/
• agudizar/agudiz-/1stz-c to intensify

  agudizarse/agudiz-/1stz-c to intensify

• aguijonear/aguijone-/to spurr/on
• agujerear/agujere-/to pierce, perforate, puncture, bore
• aguzar/aguz-/1stz-c to sharpen

  aguzarse/aguz-/1stz-c to sharpen

• ahogar (ahog-/1stg-gu to drown, choke, smother, suffocate

ahogarse/ahog-/1stg-gu to drown onself, suffocate

• ahondar (ahond-/to deepen, penetrate
• ahorcar (ahorc-/1stc-qu/to hang

  ahorcarse (ahorc-/1stc-qu/to be hanged

• ahorrar (ahorr-/to save (not waste)

  ahorrarse/ahorr-/to spare oneself, save oneself

• ahuecar (ahuec-/1stc-qu/to hollow out
• ahumar (u-ú, ahúm-/to cure, smoke
• ahuyentar (ahuyent-/to drive away, scare away
• airear (aire-/to air, ventilate
• aislar (i-í, aísl) to isolate
• ajustar (ajust-/to fit, fasten, adjust
• ajusticiar (ajustici-/to execute
• alabar (alab-/to praise/
• alardear/alarde-/to boast, brag
• alargar/alarg-/1stg-gu/to lengthen, prolong

  alargarse/alarg-/1stg-gu/to draw out, lengthen

• alarmar/alarm-/to alarm

  alarmarse/alarm-/to be(come) alarmed

• albergar/alberg-/to shelter, lodge

  albergarse/alberg-/to find shelter, lodge

• alborotar/alborot-/to disturb, agitate, stir/up

  alborotarse/alborot-/to get excited, riot

• alcanzar/alcanz-/1stz-c/to reach, overtake, make it, suffice
• aleccionar/aleccion-/to teach, coach
• alegar (aleg-/1stg-gu to plead, allege
• alegrar alegr-/to gladden, cheer/up

  alegrarse (alegr-/to be glad, be happy

• alejar/alej-/to move away

  alejarse (alej-/to move something away

• alentar (e-ie alient-/to encourage, inspire
• aliar (i-í, -ío/alí-; ali-/to ally, league, unite
• alicatar/alicat-/to tile
• alienar/alien-/to alienate, isolate
• aligerar/aliger-/to lighten, ease, relieve
• alimentar/aliment-/to feed, nourish, sustain
• alimentarse/aliment-/to feed oneself
• alinear/aline-/to align, line (up)
• alinearse/aline-/to line up
• aliñar/aliñ-/to season
• alisar/alis-/to smooth, polish

  alisarse (alis-/to straighten, smooth

• alistar (alist-/to put on a list

  alistarse (alist-/to enroll, enlist, join up

• aliviar/alivi-/to lighten, unburden, alleviate, relieve

  aliviarse/alivi-/to get relief

• allanar (allan-) to level out, flatten
• almacenar (almacen-) to store
• almidonar (almidon-) to starch
• almorzar (almuerz-, o-ue, /θ/)to eat lunch
• alojar (aloj-) to lodge, house, quarter/

  alojarse (aloj-) to lodge, be billeted

• alquilar (alquil-) to rent, hire
• alterar (alter-) to alter, change, disturb, upset

  alterarse (alter-) to be disturbed, to change

• alternar (altern-) to alternate, interchange, vary

  alternarse (altern-) to take turns

• alucinar (alucin-) to hallucinate
• alumbrar (alumbr-) to illuminate, light, enlighten
• alzar (alz-/1stz-c /θ/)to store, lift, raise, pick up, put up

  alzarse (alz-/1stz-c) to rise/up, revolt

• amaestrar (amaestr-)to train, break in
• amagar/amag-/1stg-gu to threaten, show signs of
• amainar/amain-/to take in, shorten
• amalgamar (amlgam-/to almalgamate
• amamantar/amamant-/to suckle
• amansar/amans-/to tame, break in, subdue
• amañar (amañ-) to do skillfully, do cleverly, fake

  amañarse (amañ-) to be handy, be expert

• amar (am-) to love

  amarse/am-/to love one another

• amarar (amar-/to land (on (from the sea))
• amargar (amarg-/1stg-gu to make bitter, embitter, spoil
• amargarse/amarg-/1stg-gu/to get bitter
• amasar/amas-/to knead, mix, mash
• ambicionar (ambicion-/to strive after, seek
• ambientar (ambient-/to liven up

  ambientarse/ambient-/to get used to adapte

• amedrentar/amedrent-/to scare, intimidate
• amedrentarse/amendrent-/to get scared
• amenazar/amenac-/1stc-qu/to threaten, menace
• amenizar (ameniz-/1stz-c to liven up
• amerizar (ameriz-/1stz-c to land (on (from the sea))
• ametrallar (ametrall-/to machine-gun, shoot
• amilanar/amilan-/to intimidate, cow

  amilanarse/amilan-/to be cowed, be scared

• aminorar/aminor-/to lessen, cut down, slacken
• amnistiar/-ío/amnistí-/to amnesty
• amodorrarse/amodorr-/to get sleepy, get drowsy
• amohinar (i-í, amohín-) to vex, annoy

  amohinarse/i-í amohín-/to get vexed, get annoyed, sulk

• amoldar (amold-/to mould, adjust, adapt
• amoldarse/amold-/to adapt oneself, adjust oneself
• amonestar/amonest-/to warn, remind, reprove, admonish
• amontonar/amonton-/to heap (up), pile (up), accumulate

  amontonarse/amonton-/to pile (up), accumulate, collect

• amordazar (amordaz-/1stz-c) to muzzle, gag
• amortajar (amortaj-/to shroud, lay out
• amortiguar (amortigu-/1stgu-gü, /gw/)to cushion, muffle
• amortizar (amortiz-/1stz-c) to amortize, pay off
• amotinar (amotin-/to intice into riot

  amotinarse/amotin-/to rise/up, revolt

• amparar (ampar-/to help, protect, shelter

  ampararse/ampar-/to seek help, seek protection

• ampliar (i-í amplí-/to amplify, enlarge, extend
• amplificar (amplific-/1stc-qu/to enlarge, amplify, magnify
• amputar (amput-/to amputate, cut off
• amueblar (amuebl-/to furnish, appoint
• amurallar (amurall-/to wall (in)
• analizar (analiz-/1stz-c) to analyze
• anclar (ancl-) to anchor
• andar (and-, anduv-) to go, be about, be out and about
• anegar (e-ie, anieg-;aneg-/1stg-gu) to drown, flood

  anegarse (e-ie, anieg-;aneg-/1stg-gu) to drown, be flooded

• anestesiar (anestesi-/to anesthetize, numb
• anexionar (anexion-/to annex
• angustiar (angusti-/to grieve, distress
• anhelar (anhel-/to be eager/for, yearn for, yearn to, gasp
• anidar (anid-/to shelter, take in, live, make one’s home
• animar (anim-) to give life to, animate, cheer/up

  animarse/anim-/to brighten up, cheer/up

• aniquilar/aniquil-/to annihiate, destroy
• anotar/anot-/to annotate, interpret
• ansiar (ansi-, i-í)to long for, yearn for, covet
• anticipar/anticip-) to advance, bring forward

  anticiparse (anticip-) to take place early

• antojarse (antoj-) to take a fancy to
• anudar (anud-) to knot, tie, join
• anular (anul-) to annul, cancel
• anunciar (anunci-) to announce, foretell, proclaim

  anunciarse (anunci-) to announce, proclaim, advertise

• añorar (añor-) to long for, pine for, grieve for
• apabullar (apabull-/to bewilder
• apaciguar (apacigü-)to pacify

  apaciguarse to calm down, quieten down

• apadrinar (apadrin-/to sponsor
• apagar (apag-/1stg-gu, /g/)to turn off, turn out, extinguish
• apalabrar/apalabr-/to make a verbal agreement on
• apalancar/apalanc-/1stc-qu/to lever/(up)

  apalancarse/apalanc-/1stc-qu/to settle in

• apalear/apale-/to beat, thrash
• apañar (apañ-/to pick up, take hold of

  apañarse (apañ-) to contrive to

• aparcar/aparc-/1stc-qu/to park (a vehicle)
• aparear/apare-/to make even, level up

  aparearse/apare-/to make even, level up

• aparentar/aparent-/to feign, affect, look
• apartar/apart-/to separate, divide, part

  apartarse/apart-/to separate, move away

• apasionar/apasion-/to stir/deeply
• apear/ape-/to dispose, get rid of

  apearseape-/to dismount, get down, get off

• apechugar (apechug-/1stg-gu/to shoulder
• apedrear (apedre-/to throw stones at
• apegarse/apeg-/to become attached to, grow fond of
• apelar (apel-/to appeal
• apelotonar (apeloton-/to make into a ball,pile up

  apelotonarse/apeloton-/to crowd together

• apenar/apen-/to trouble, sadden

  apenarse/apen-/to grieve

• apencar (apec-/1stc-qu/to put up, bear
• apesadumbrar/ apesadumbr-/to grieve, distress, sadden
• apestar/apest-/to corrupt, sicken, nauseate, plague
• apiadar (apiad-/to take pity on

  apiadarse/apiad-/to take pity on

• apilar
• aplicar/aplic-/1stc-qu/to apply
• apoyar/apoy-/to support, back, favor, lean on

  apoyarse/apoy-/to be based on, to lean on

• apreciar (apreci-) to appreciate, appraise, esteem
• apretar/e-ie/apriet-/to tighten
• aprobar/o-ue/aprueb-/to approve, pass a test
• apuntar/apunt-/ to note
• apurarse/apur-/to grieve, worry, fret
• argumentar/argument-/to reason, dispute
• armar/arm-/to arm
• arrancar (arranc-, 1stc-qu, /k/)to root up, pull up, pull away, tear/off, snatch
• arrasar/arras-/ to devastate
• arreglar (arregl-) to arrange, set in order, settle, repair, adjust
• arrestar/arrest-/to arrest
• arriar/-ío/arrí-/to lower, strike (boat), to flood, be flooded
• arrojar (arroj-/to fling, throw, hurl
• articular (articul-/to articulate, pronounce clearly
• asaltar asalt-/to assault, storm, assail
• asar /as-/ to roast
• asegurarasegur-/to assure, affirm, insure, assert
• asesinar (asesin-)to assassinate, murder/
• asignar (asign-/to assign, allot
• asociar (asoci-/to associate
• aspiraraspir-/to vacuum, inhale, breathe in, draw
• asustarasust-/to scare, frighten
• atacar/atac-/1stc-qu/to attack
• atrapar/atrap-/to overtake, catch
• atravesar (e-ie/atravies-/to go through, cross, run through
• aumentar aument-/to augment, increase, magnify, gain weight
• autorizar (autoriz-, orth./θ/) to authorize
• avanzar (avanz-, 1stz-c) to advance, go forward
• avergonzar (o-ue, avergüenc-, 1stz-c)to embarrass oneself, be ashamed
• averiguar (averigu-, 1stu-ü, /gw/) to verify, inquire, ascertain, find out
• ayudar (ayud-) to help, assist, aid, succour/
• ayunar (ayun-) to fast

-ER

• abastecer (abastec-) to supply, provide
• aborrecer (aborrec-) to hate, detest
• absolver (o-ue/absuelv-) to absolve, acquit
• absorber (absorb-) to absorb
• abstenerse (e-ie, -go/absteng-/abstuv-/abstendr-) to abstain, refrain from, forbear/
• abstraer/abstra-/to abstract

  abstraerse/abstra-/to be absorbed, abstracted

• acoger/-jo/acog-/to welcome, receive

  acogerse/-jo/acog-/to take refuge in

• acometer/acomet-/to attack, set upon
• acaecer/-zco acaec-/to happen, occur
• acontecer/acontec-/to happen, occur
• acceder (acced-/to accede, agree to
• agradecer (-zco/agradec-/agradezc-) to thank for, acknowledge
• amanecer (-zco amanec-/to dawn, get light, wake up at dawn
• anochecer (-zco/anochec-/to become night, get dark
• anteceder/anteced-/to precede, go before
• anteponer (-pongo/to place in front of, prefer
• apetecer (-zco/apetec-/to feel like
• aparecer (-zco/aparec-) to show up, appear

  aparecerse/-zco/aparec-/to appear

• aprehender (aprehend-) to apprehend
• aprender (aprend-) to learn
• ascender (e-ie, asciend-) to ascend, promote
• atender (e-ie, atiend-) to attend, pay attention, heed
• atraer (-igo, atraig-, atraj-) to attract
• atrever /atrev-/ to dare

-IR

• abatir (abat-)to overthrow, knock down, throw down
• abolir (abol-) to abolish
• abrir (abr-) to open

  abrirse (abr-) to open out

• aburrir (aburr-) to bore, be boring

  aburrirse (aburr-) to be bored, get bored

• acudir (acud-/to attend, answer/a call, come to rescue
• admitir/admit-/to admit, grant, permit
• adquirir (i-ie/adquier-) to get, acquire, obtain
• adscribir (adscrib-) to ascribe, appoint

  adscirbirse (adscrib-) to affiliate

• aducir (aduc-/to adduce; ) bring forward
• advertir (e-ie adviert-/3rd e-i to advise, give warning
• afligir (-jo, aflig-, /x/) to afflict, be afflicted

  afligirse (-jo aflig-)to grieve

• afluir (-yo/afluy-/3rd i-y) to flow in, into, to, or/towards
• agredir/agred-/to assault
• aludir/alud-/to allude to, mention
• añadir (añad-/to join, augment, increase
• aplaudir (aplaud-) to applaud
• apercibir (apercib-) to prepare, provide

  apercibirse (apercib-) to prepare, provide

• asistir (asist-) to attend (classes)
• asumir (asum-) to assume
• atribuir (-yo, atribui-, 3rd i-y)to attribute