Appendix:Swadesh lists for Hokan languages
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
(Redirected from Appendix:Swadesh lists for Yuman languages)
This is a table of Swadesh lists for Hokan languages, including:
- Ipai (Northern Diegueño) — Southern California, United States (Mesa Grande dialect)
- Kiliwa (Spanish orthography used) — Baja California Norte, Mexico
- Cocopa — Arizona, United States; Sonora, Mexico (Note: dotted consonants, such as ṣ, are written as ss, while ł is is written as ll.)
- Chumash, Inezeño (Samala) — Southern California, United States
Note: Additional vocabulary words have been added after word no. 207 ("name"), since the original lengths of Swadesh lists are either 100 or 207 words.
List [edit]
| № | English | Ipai | Kiliwa | Cocopa | Mohave | Havasupai | Pomo | Achumawi | Yana | Salinan | Chumash |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | 'enyaach, 'e- | ñaap | nyaap | k- | ||||||
| 2 | you (singular) |
maa, me- | may | mapú | p- | ||||||
| 3 | he | puuch, ke- | ñipáa (he/she) | p- | s- | ||||||
| 4 | we | 'enyaawapch | páñaap | ||||||||
| 5 | you (plural) |
menyaawap | ñipáa chaaú | ||||||||
| 6 | they | pupch | ñipáat | ||||||||
| 7 | this | peyaa | mí, eñoom | pii | |||||||
| 8 | that | puu | ñiaat | puu | |||||||
| 9 | here | peyii | míl | puy | |||||||
| 10 | there | puy | ñák | ssay | |||||||
| 11 | who | maap | maa | luuny, luup | kune' | ||||||
| 12 | what | 'uuch | kwit | luuny, luup | suk'u | ||||||
| 13 | where | maay | abel | taka' | |||||||
| 14 | when | kumyum, ma'yum | mat piim | knyayúm | |||||||
| 15 | how | meyuu, mu'yuu | pojooy, p’iim | ||||||||
| 16 | not | umaaw | mat | lax | 'insil | ||||||
| 17 | all | nyaamat | kospíl | maam | yila' | ||||||
| 18 | many | 'ehmiiy, hemiiy | ulooy máto, siwá | llyay, nyaam | |||||||
| 19 | some | marway | set | ||||||||
| 20 | few | 'ehiink | teelt | yaaw | |||||||
| 21 | other | kwa'hin | kpar (other side) | ||||||||
| 22 | one | 'ehink, 'uun | msíg | shitt | 'aséntik | isíte | tato | ha'mís | bai(gu)- | t'oy | paka's |
| 23 | two | hewuk | juwak | xwak | havík | xuwáge | ko | ha'k | ux(si)- | kákesh | 'ishko'm |
| 24 | three | hemuk | jmik | xmuk | hamók | humúge | sibo | 'cásdi | bul(mic'igu)- | lápay | masɨx |
| 25 | four | chepup | mnak | spap | cimpáp | hop'á | duoko | had:á:má | daumi(gu)- | késha' | skumu |
| 26 | five | sawrrup, saarap | salchipam | ssrap | tharáp | thêtrápe | natsui | lád:íw | zhimad(gu)- | 'óltat' | yitipaka's |
| 27 | big | 'iikuu | tay | ptay | |||||||
| 28 | long | 'equll | kíss | kwlly | |||||||
| 29 | wide | 'all | teeyp | 'aally | |||||||
| 30 | thick | menuttk | kuteey (fat) | kwiish | |||||||
| 31 | heavy | wenah, wenih | mechaa maay | nyix | xulxul | ||||||
| 32 | small | 'estik | mudit | lycash | |||||||
| 33 | short | meputtk | nmooj | xly'utt | |||||||
| 34 | narrow | helyumk | shily 'i | ||||||||
| 35 | thin | kwalkwaal, wekwiirp | jo'on | rssaaw, ss'iitt | |||||||
| 36 | woman | siny | kekóo | s'ak | 'eneq | ||||||
| 37 | man (adult male) |
'iikwich | kumeey | 'apá | 'ɨhɨ'y | ||||||
| 38 | man (human being) |
'iipay | ipaa | capáy | ku | ||||||
| 39 | child (a youth) |
'elymaam | sáaup | kwaramáss (plural) | ch'ich'i', ichtɨ'n | ||||||
| 40 | wife | paasiny, unyeway (spouse) | wàswáy | ta'lik | |||||||
| 41 | husband | paachuuy | kwr'ak | is-hɨ'y | |||||||
| 42 | mother | kuhkwany, paataly | eñoo | (ny)caa | tɨk' | ||||||
| 43 | father | paataat | esñoo | (ny)'aa | koko' | ||||||
| 44 | animal | nyechehaatt ("their") | tukuipaay | (ny)xatt (domestic) | |||||||
| 45 | fish | chee | teet | si'ílly | 'a'lilimuw | ||||||
| 46 | bird | 'aashaa | tuwálo | sha | wic' | ||||||
| 47 | dog | 'ehatt | that | xatt | huchu | ||||||
| 48 | louse | emilly | jlpok | xllis, 'i'ílly | |||||||
| 49 | snake | 'ewii | uwi’ | yacáác | xshap | ||||||
| 50 | worm | ill | ma'íílly | ||||||||
| 51 | tree | 'ily | tajak (tay) | 'ayáá | po'n | ||||||
| 52 | forest | jaal jak, semel jak | |||||||||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
'ily | lpá | (ny)ssu'ár | |||||||
| 54 | fruit | paay | xpally (of ironwood) | ||||||||
| 55 | seed | 'esemay, eyach (corn) | yíit | yas | |||||||
| 56 | leaf | smak | wal | qap | |||||||
| 57 | root | pehemaa (also tendons) | ousmáa maat | kwshamá | |||||||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
haaseyall | yiaal | ssxuyál | |||||||
| 59 | flower | taps | piyáuup | supány | spe'y | ||||||
| 60 | grass | 'esemay | semeel | ssmal | xweq | ||||||
| 61 | rope | chekoot, hellytay | j’ñieel | yu'ár | skɨnɨt' | ||||||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
ekwally, kweerr | kojaan | (ny)kw'áll | pax | ||||||
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
kukwaayp | jak | 'imáác | |||||||
| 64 | blood | 'ehwatt | kujat | (ny)xwatt | |||||||
| 65 | bone | aq | ják | (ny)yaak | se | ||||||
| 66 | fat (noun) |
weshay | shay | ||||||||
| 67 | egg | 'ur | jmá yítl | xma ssu'áp | tumun | ||||||
| 68 | horn | ekwaa | kwa | (ny)kwa | |||||||
| 69 | tail | heyull | pelsa' | shyully | teleq' | ||||||
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
lemis | tajpa aayu | ssuumí, shawál | qap | ||||||
| 71 | hair | hellytaa (head), lemis (body) | iy unmí | lmiss | |||||||
| 72 | head | hellytaa | iy | mkur | |||||||
| 73 | ear | hemall | smákal | shmaal | tu' | ||||||
| 74 | eye | eyiiw | yuu | 'iyú | tɨx | ||||||
| 75 | nose | ehuu | phí | 'ixú | noxsh | ||||||
| 76 | mouth | aa | ha' | 'iyá | 'ɨk | ||||||
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
eyaaw | yaw (kuchipi’) | 'iyàwíí | sa | ||||||
| 78 | tongue | enepall | há paal | mpally | 'elew | ||||||
| 79 | fingernail | salyehwuuw | (sal) jaau | 'isháálly llkaxwáw | |||||||
| 80 | foot | emily | miy | 'imíí | |||||||
| 81 | leg | emily | miy ijá | 'imíí | 'ɨ'l | ||||||
| 82 | knee | mehetun | miy pók | 'imíí ttaakáány | 'apa'm | ||||||
| 83 | hand | esally | sal | 'isháálly | pu | ||||||
| 84 | wing | wirewir | wálu | 'irwír, 'isháálly | |||||||
| 85 | belly | etuu | pa' | 'icú (stomach) | |||||||
| 86 | guts | pehaa | pmaay guajú | (ny)pxa | |||||||
| 87 | neck | eyepuk, iipuk | chimi’ jak | mpuk (nape of neck) | |||||||
| 88 | back | hetat | yikók sí, jkueey (upper back) |
llamák, 'imák | nokok' (spine) | ||||||
| 89 | breast | nyemaay | smiil | 'imáy | |||||||
| 90 | heart | iichih, eyay | koti’p | 'iyááy | 'ayapis | ||||||
| 91 | liver | chepesii | leepé | (ny)cpussú | 'a'l | ||||||
| 92 | to drink | wesii | chee | ssi | aqmil | ||||||
| 93 | to eat | wemaa, wesaaw | tmaa | ma | 'uw, ashɨn | ||||||
| 94 | to bite | chuukuw, weshaa | chía | ssaa | |||||||
| 95 | to suck | chepesii, wepis | sucúk | ||||||||
| 96 | to spit | chehutt | sxttu, sxyall | ||||||||
| 97 | to vomit | weyuuq | yuuq | ||||||||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
hepesuuy (mouth) | ciixáy (wind), xpssuu (mouth) | ||||||||
| 99 | to breathe | yaas | yaass | ||||||||
| 100 | to laugh | uusay | chiin | 'uussáy | |||||||
| 101 | to see | ewuuw | saaw (to look) | wii | kuti | ||||||
| 102 | to hear | yip | kuee | 'ii'ííp | itaq | ||||||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
nur, uuyaaw | 'uu'yáá | ||||||||
| 104 | to think | iichaa, wematt, yip | elti paatu | lly-yuum | aqniwil | ||||||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
wehwii | xwi | yuxsh | |||||||
| 106 | to fear | meheyaay | mshyaa | ||||||||
| 107 | to sleep | hemaa | smaa | shma | we' | ||||||
| 108 | to live | nyewaayp | wa’y | (ny)way | atɨk | ||||||
| 109 | to die | melay | pí (dead) | msspa | aqshan | ||||||
| 110 | to kill | aamuuch | eñoo | nak | |||||||
| 111 | to fight | mat menyuup, mat wetoo | eñoop | nyup | |||||||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
wenyay | jkwigu | nyay | |||||||
| 113 | to hit | chetoo (to punch), wetoo (with sick) |
sttu (to punch) | ||||||||
| 114 | to cut | aakatt | jkáaw | cukátt | 'ɨwɨn | ||||||
| 115 | to split | uuhwaq, wechall | ttap | ||||||||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
uushaa | 'uushá | ||||||||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
hesak, sehwan | llyqshaq | ||||||||
| 118 | to dig | wehwall | 'uupún, xwally | pul | |||||||
| 119 | to swim | aapull | nuup | aqiwɨwɨn | |||||||
| 120 | to fly | weman | man | xonowon | |||||||
| 121 | to walk | wamp | aaw | p'aw | nana'n | ||||||
| 122 | to come | weyiw | jaa | yii | |||||||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
welyak | p’páa | patt, yak | oto'yin | ||||||
| 124 | to sit | wenak | jowaa | wa | ɨlɨk'ɨn | ||||||
| 125 | to stand | pehekwii, hetaat (stand up) | p'aa | kuta', nowon | |||||||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
apekwiilp | kwany | ||||||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
tuushup (fruit), wenall (person) |
j’paam | pam, nyaly | tol | ||||||
| 128 | to give | winy | juwee | ii | |||||||
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
weyuuw | shawín | u'lish | |||||||
| 130 | to squeeze | uukwis | llkwiss | ||||||||
| 131 | to rub | chehwar, penyaa, tuuhwar |
kuxáy | ||||||||
| 132 | to wash | allehwas (Spanish) | canúp, ss'ul | uxmaniwon | |||||||
| 133 | to wipe | chemally | sswi | ||||||||
| 134 | to pull | aalul, tepenii | ajñaat | ckyaw, cxpaly | |||||||
| 135 | to push | cheherii | ulchin | s'att, shvuutk | |||||||
| 136 | to throw | wetom, topk (towards), topm (away) |
cha’ki | cap | |||||||
| 137 | to tie | aannak | xir | aqsik | |||||||
| 138 | to sew | peyuur | p’jpaab u’ | shukwílly | |||||||
| 139 | to count | tetseebo | saaw | ||||||||
| 140 | to say | wii | há maal (to talk) | 'i | 'ip, axutiwil (to talk) | ||||||
| 141 | to sing | 'echweyuuw | ltechaja’y | syaa | expech | ||||||
| 142 | to play | suunaarr | l'uy | ||||||||
| 143 | to float | yályál 'i | |||||||||
| 144 | to flow | wenuw | kup | ||||||||
| 145 | to freeze | shemetii | siimís | ||||||||
| 146 | to swell | waarp | skwa | ||||||||
| 147 | sun | 'enyaa | eñiaay | nya | qsi | ||||||
| 148 | moon | hellyaa | ja’la’ | xlly'a | 'awa'y | ||||||
| 149 | star | kwenmesaap | msi' | kwlyap | 'aqiwo | ||||||
| 150 | water | 'ehaa | ja' | xa | 'o' | ||||||
| 151 | rain | 'ekwiy | kwiiy | p'ay | tuhuy | ||||||
| 152 | river | 'ehaa kwenuw | ja’ kos’jiin | xawílly | |||||||
| 153 | lake | 'ehaa kwariw | ja’ jpí tay | xnyu | |||||||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
'ehaasilly | ja' tay ("big water") | xakwss'ílly | sxa'min | ||||||
| 155 | salt | 'esily | kwi | ss'ir | tip | ||||||
| 156 | stone | 'ewily | ujá | wii, xuur | xɨp | ||||||
| 157 | sand | mes-haraay | llysh'a | ||||||||
| 158 | dust | 'empill | maat sa’ mak/piki' (to dust off) | miipútt | |||||||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
'emat | maat | matt | |||||||
| 160 | cloud | 'ekwiiy | kwii | 'iqc'i' | |||||||
| 161 | fog | haamaa | ssa | smomoy | |||||||
| 162 | sky | 'emaay | ma’y | maa(lly) | |||||||
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
kuyaayp, yaayp | ja’k | cxa | saxtakhɨt | ||||||
| 164 | snow | aalap | k’mtiiy | xsa | |||||||
| 165 | ice | shemetii | smis | smis | |||||||
| 166 | smoke | 'uuhuy | chuu (verb) | xyay | to'w | ||||||
| 167 | fire | 'aaw | a'aw | 'a'á | nɨ | ||||||
| 168 | ash | 'empill | ku’pal | kiimá | |||||||
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
aaraw | llymar | ||||||||
| 170 | road | 'uunyaa | uña’ | wanyá | ch'ayash | ||||||
| 171 | mountain | matetay, matekun | weey | wii | milimol | ||||||
| 172 | red | 'ehwatt | kwal | xwatt | tasɨn | ||||||
| 173 | green | hepeshiw | msoow | xpisw | 'aqulapshan | ||||||
| 174 | yellow | 'ekwas | ku’seey | qwass | |||||||
| 175 | white | nemeshap | msaap | xmaally | 'o'wow | ||||||
| 176 | black | nyilly | ñleeg | nyiilly | shoyin | ||||||
| 177 | night | hunn, kuhunn | téey | cnyam | saxiyi' | ||||||
| 178 | day (daytime) |
'enyaa, kupilly | eñiaay | nya | qsi | ||||||
| 179 | year | 'aany (Spanish) | maat | màttkáám | |||||||
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
mgaaw (hot) | piny, llyap | ishaw, yulkla (hot) | |||||||
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
hechuur | jschiaak | xsuur | axc'ac'ax, toxo'm | ||||||
| 182 | full | hup, temur, wehaarp | cm'ur | ||||||||
| 183 | new | 'ehay, wehay | xany | 'ikɨmin | |||||||
| 184 | old | wenuuy | ku'/pa' tay (fem., masc.) | luulp | 'equn | ||||||
| 185 | good | 'ehan | mgaay | xany, miixáán | chho-chhoho | ||||||
| 186 | bad | wellich | ulooy | xcaq | 'axɨmɨk' | ||||||
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
weshah | shax | ||||||||
| 188 | dirty | taketak | jpill | 'iimátt | nuyich | ||||||
| 189 | straight | halettuk | mírmír | lukumel | |||||||
| 190 | round | tepechuurp, 'elul (small objects) |
tux, xyal (small objects) |
||||||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
werraaw | yaaw yuu jooy (to sharpen) |
yaap | c'ɨc'ɨ | ||||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
xlqay | |||||||||
| 193 | smooth | heleqay, rii wii | qalqáy | ||||||||
| 194 | wet | 'ehar, tehelumk | xay | 'och' | |||||||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
saay | saay | ss'ar | aqawan | ||||||
| 196 | right (correct) |
'ehan | nyayáám ("that's right") | ||||||||
| 197 | near | helyepay | yaay kuwaa yío | xrpay | |||||||
| 198 | far | 'ekur | kur | ||||||||
| 199 | right (side) |
eyewiik, iiwiik | chpeeyp | kxanyk | |||||||
| 200 | left (side) |
kesark | kssark | ||||||||
| 201 | at | ||||||||||
| 202 | in | ||||||||||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
kuuyum | -m | ||||||||
| 204 | and | may, nyaapum | kakááp ("and then") | na | |||||||
| 205 | if | ny-, nya- | |||||||||
| 206 | because | ||||||||||
| 207 | name | chehichf | muly | ||||||||
| 208 | house | 'ewaa | uwa’ | wa | 'ap | ||||||
| 209 | wall | ||||||||||
| 210 | deer | 'ekwak | jak píikuyac | kwak | wɨ | ||||||
| 211 | mouse | 'emekay | mákal, tkáan (larger) | 'awáá | |||||||
| 212 | rabbit | 'ephar | págu | xlly'a | ma' | ||||||
| 213 | eagle | 'ihpaa | ti’paayu | shpa | slo'w | ||||||
| 214 | spider | hellytutt (black widow) | uwi’ il | xllycuc | ktut | ||||||
| 215 | face | eyiiw | 'iyú | tɨx | |||||||
| 216 | body | emaat | 'imáác | ||||||||
| 217 | navel | milyepuu | mpí | ('i)yakál | |||||||
| 218 | finger | esally | sal | 'isháálly | mimi | ||||||
| 219 | sick (painful) |
henoo | (kw)rap (sickness) | yuxpan | |||||||
| 220 | needle | pa'yur | tjapáp u’ | shuukwíílly, shwakwíílly | |||||||
| 221 | clothing | tehiilly | chigoow | nyu'áál | haxwi' | ||||||
| 222 | thunder | shuullaw | shuukír (verb) | ||||||||
| 223 | lightning | shuuluk | ji’ñaam | shuulám (verb) | qunt'aw | ||||||
| 224 | above | 'emaay | na’tiaal | maay | |||||||
| 225 | below | 'eyaak | maatu, maat múgu | mattk | |||||||
| 226 | to cough | uh | jojo | 'a'úx | |||||||
| 227 | to buy | pe’ñao yeewi | 'uukwíí | ||||||||
| 228 | to choose | nymsu'úr | |||||||||
| 229 | to grow | hemii | j’wino, tejiip | xmii | |||||||
| 230 | to open | uuttaq | kaap | 'uukúp, cumán | |||||||
| 231 | to steal | shuuhuu | jcheet | walísh | |||||||
| 232 | to dream | hemach | shmaap | ||||||||
| 233 | to cry | wemii | jmee | mi | mish | ||||||
| 234 | to yawn | waaps | xkwaak | shashan | |||||||
| 235 | to cook | wellyully | tamaaw (kitchen) | nyawíí rar | |||||||
| 236 | six | hamhuuk | msígl paayb | xmxuuk | si:nta | tacpê' | tsadi | lád:íwade ha'mís a:yé'qdi | bunxad?i | páy-at'el | yitishko'm |
| 237 | seven | pekai | juwakl paayb | pxkaa | vi:ka | xuwagacpê'k | koina | lád:íwade ha'k a:yé'qdi | uxmami- | tep' | yitimasɨx |
| 238 | eight | chepuuk | jmikl paayb | spxuuk | mu:ka | humugêcpê'k | kokodol | lád:íwade 'cásdi a:yé'qdi | bulmami- | sha-at'él | malawa |
| 239 | nine | nimhamuuk | msigl tmat | xmxmuk | pa:ye | halêthúia | namilkacom | lád:íwade had:á:má a:yé'qdi | daumima- | téte-top'e | spa |
| 240 | ten | shatuuk, shahuk | chipam msíg | ssaaxúúk | arrapa | viwá'ave | namilkatek | malús:i | xaazhad- | tóp'e | ch'iyaw |
Sources [edit]
- Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño. Ted Couro and Christina Hutcheson. Banning, California: Malki Museum Press, Inc., 1973.
- AULEX Spanish-Kiliwa dictionary
- Crawford, James M. (1989). Cocopa dictionary. University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 114). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09749-1.
